예수의 재판에서 대제사장의 발언(막 14:60하, 61하, 63하-64상)

The High Priest's Speech in Jesus' Trial(Mk 14:60bc, 61b, 63b-64a) -A Study on the Interpretation and Translation into Honorifics

This study deals with the difficulties faced when translating the high priest's speech to Jesus (Mk14:60b, 61b) before the Sanhedrin(63b-64a) into an honorific language. The difficulty lies in the fact that the translator's selection of the addressee honorifics is indeterminable in the grammar and syntactic structure of the source text. In order to translate into the proper addressee honorifics, this study diachronically reviews the honorific phenomena in major Korean translations, and analyzes the biblical text with an established criteria and a theoretical framework for translating into honorifics. This paper will next evaluate the politeness of the high priest's speech and action and discuss possible selections of honorifics for a new Korean church translation. According to the analysis, the formal charge of the high priest is blasphemy and the rendering of the robes clearly shows this. The queries of the high priest to Jesus(60bc, 61b), Οὐκ ἀποκρίνῃ οὑὲν τί οὗτοί σου καταμαρτυροῡσιν; Σὺ εἶ ὁ Χριστὸς ὁ υἱὸς τοῡ εὑλογητοῡ; are definitely impolite, and stress the tragic suffering of Jesus and the high priest's misunderstanding about Jesus' real identity. On the contrary, the speech of the high priest(63b-64a) to the entire Sanhedrin, Τί ἔτι χρείαν ἔχομεν μαρτύρων; ἠκούσατε τῆς βλασϕημίας· τί ὑμῑν ϕαίνεται; is accepted as polite but intensifies the conspiracy against Jesus. Most Korean versions following the literal translation approach render the high priest's speech into the formal non-deferential noh and hada forms regardless of his addresses. However, these renderings create a flat speech style and awkward sentences for the modern reader. The most appropriate forms for the high priest's queries to Jesus (60bc, 61b) are the formal limited non-deferential tangsin and hao forms which appropriately express the high priest's hostile intention, i.e. the scorn and insult toward Jesus. The high priest's speech to the Sanhedrin(63b-64a) can be appropriately rendered as the formal deferential yeoreobun and hamnida forms. This is important since the forms are the only way to express the authority of Sanhedrin's members as the judges in the formal trial situation. The selection of the addressee honorifics is thus based on the translator's exegetical research, such as the formality of the situation, the examination of the cultural expectation in the trial settings, the social relationship between the high priest and Jesus and the entire Sanhedrin, and the high priest's intention as shown in his speech and action.