日本 醫學의 '折衷派'에 關한 硏究

A Study on the 'Zhe Zhong Pai' (折衷派) of the Traditional Medicine of Japan

The outline and characteristics of the important doctors of the 'Zhe Zhong Pai'(折衷派) are as follows Part 1. In the late Edo(江戶) period The 'Zhe Zhong Pai', which tried to take the theory and clinical treatment of the 'Hou Shi Pai (後世派)' and the 'Gu Fang Pai (古方派)' and get their strong points to make treatments perfect, appeared. Their point was 'The main part is the art of the ancients, The latter prescriptions are to be used'(以古法爲主, 後世方爲用) and the 『Shang Han Lun(傷寒論)』 was revered for its treatments but in actual use it was not kept at that. As mentioned above The 'Zhe Zhong Pai ' viewed treatments as the base, which was the view of most doctors in the Edo period, However, the reason the 'Zhe Zhong Pai' is not valued as much as the 'Gu Fang Pai' by medical history books in Japan is because the 'Zhe Zhong Pai' does not have the substantiation or uniqueness of the 'Gu Fang Pai', and also because the view of 'gather as well as store up'(兼收並蓄) was the same as the 'Kao Zheng Pai', Moreover, the 'compromise'(折衷) point of view was from taking in both Chinese and western medical knowledge systems(漢蘭折衷), Generally the pioneer of the 'Zhe Zhong Pai' is seen as Mochizuki Rokumon(望月鹿門 もちずきろくもん) and after that was Fukui Futei(福井楓亭 ふくいふうてい), Wadato Kaku(和田東郭 わだとうかく), Yamada Seichin(山田正珍 やまだせいちん) and Taki Motohiro(多紀元簡 たきもとひろ) Part 2. The lives of Wada Tokaku(和田東郭 わだとうかく), Nakagame Kinkei(中神琴溪, なかがみきんけい), Nei Teng Xi Zhe(內藤希哲), the important doctors of the 'Zhe Zhong Pai', are as follows First. Wada Tokaku(和田東郭, わだとうかく, 1743-1803) was born when the 'Hou Shi Pai' was already declining and the 'Gu Fang Pai' was flourishing and learned medicine from a 'Hou Shi Pai' doctor, Hu Tian Xu Shan(戶田旭山) and a 'Gu Fang Pai' doctor, Yoshimasu Todo(吉益東洞, よしますとうどう) He was not hindered by 'the old ways(古方), and did not lean towards 'the new ways(後世方)' and formed a way of compromise that 'looked at hardness and softness as the same'(剛柔相摩) by setting 'the cure of the disease' as the base, and said that to cure diseases 'the old way' must be used, but 'the new way' was necessary to supplement its shortcomings. His works include 『Dao Shui Suo Yan(導水瑣言)』, 『Jiao Chiang Fang Yi Je(蕉窗方意解)』 and 『Yi Xue Sho(醫學說)』 Second. Nakagame Kinkei(中神琴溪, なかがみきんけい 1744-1833) was famous for leaving Yoshirnasu Todo(吉益東洞, よしますとうどう) and changing to the 'Zhe Zhong Pai', and in his early years used qing fen(輕粉) to cure geisha(妓女) of syphilis. His argument was "the 『Shang Han Lun』 must be revered but needs to be adapted", "Zhong jing can be made into a follower but I cannot become his follower", "the later medical texts such as 『Ru Men Shi Qin(儒門事親)』 should only be used for its prescriptions and not its theories". His works include 『Shang Han Lun Yue Yan(傷寒論約言)』 Third. Nei Teng Xi Zhe(內藤希哲, 1701-1735) learned medicine from Qing Shui Xian Sheng(淸水先生) and went out to Edo. In his book 『Yi Jing Jie Huo Lun(醫經解惑論)』 he tells of how he went from 'learning'(學) to 'skepticism'(惑) and how skepticism made him learn in 'the six skepticisms'(六惑). In the latter years Xi Zhe(希哲) combines the 『Shen Nong Ben Cao jing(神農本草經)』, the main text for herbal medicine, 『Ming Tang jing(明堂經)』 of accupuncture, basic theory texts 『Huang Dui Nei jing(黃帝內徑)』 and 『Nan jing(難經)』 with the 『Shang Han Za Bing Lun』, a book that the 'Gu Fang Pai' saw as opposing to the rest, and became 'an expert of five scriptures'(五經一貫) Part 3. Asada Showhaku(淺田宗伯, あさだ そうはく 1815-1894) started medicine at Zhong Cun Zhong(中村中倧) and learned 'the old way'(古方) from Yoshirnasu Todo and got experience through Chuan Yue(川越) and Fu jing(福井) and received teachings in texts, history and Wang Yangmin's principles(陽明學) from famous teachers