'싶다'와 '-고프다'의 재구조화 연구

The study of relexicalization on the form of '-sipda' and '-gopeuda'

이 글은 '싶다'와 '-고프다'의 재구조화 과정을 고찰한 것이다. 15세기부터 19세기까지의 국어사 자료를 바탕으로 살펴본 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 내릴 수 있었다. 현대국어 '싶다'에 대응하는 15세기 형태는 '식브다'인데, 이는 '*식-+-브-'로 형용사화 접미사(-브-)가 결합된 것으로 볼 수 있다.16세기에는 '식브-'와 함께 '시브-'가 나타나는데, '식브->시브-'는 'ㄱ' 탈락으로 이루어진 것이다. 17세기에는 '식브-', '시브-'와 함께 '시프-'가 나타난다. '알-(痛)', '골-(飢)'에서 16세기 말에 'ㄹ' 탈락으로 형성된 '아프다, 고프다'에 유추되어, '시프다'가 재구조화된 것이다. 즉, 감정을 나타내는 형용사에서 '-브->-프-'에 유추되어 '시브다>시프다'로 된 것이다. '식브다'는 17세기까지 사용되고 18세기부터는 나타나지 않는다. '시브다'는 세력을 넓혀 20세기까지 폭넓게 사용되었으며, '시프다' 역시 20세기까지 사용되었다. '싶다'는 19세기에 나타나 점차 활발히 사용되어 오고 있는데, 이는 '시프다'의 활용형 '시퍼'에서 어간이 '싶-'으로 재분석됨에 따라 어간 재구조화가 일어나 형성된 것이다. 마지막으로, '-고프다'는 20세기 초부터 등장하는데, 이는 동사구 구성의 '-고 시프-'가 줄어서 형성된 것이다.

This article is a study of the process of relexicalization on the form of '-sipda' and '-gopeuda'. In view of the results probed by the historical data of Korean language from the 15th century to the 19th century, it may be given as a conclusion as follows; The form of words in the 15th century '-sikbeuda' is corresponding to the form of '-sipda' in the current Korean language, which is considered as combination with adjectival suffix, 'sik- + beu-'. In the 16th century, the form of 'sibeu' was shown with 'sikbeu' in this period, which was relexicalized by eliminating 'ㄱ' from the form of 'sikbeu'. In the 17th century, the form of '-sipeu' was shown with '-sikbeu' and '-sibeu' at the same period. It is concluded that the form of '-sipeu' was relexicalized by the analogy of the form of '-apeuda' and '-gopeuda' which were formed by elimination 'ㄹ' from the form of 'al(알)-' and 'gol(골-)' in the late 16th century. This became the form of 'sibeuda' <'sipeuda', that is, on the analogy of the form of '-beu-'<'-peu-' from an emotional adjective. The form of 'sikbeuda' disappeared after it was used in some areas in the 17th century. The form of '-sibeuda' extending its influence was widely used and lasted until the 20th century, and the form of '-sipeuda' was used with these several forms until the 20th century. '-Sipda' has beenused up to now since it showed up in the 19century and was often used gradually. That is what the stem reconstruction came as the stem from the conjugated form 'Sipeo' of '-Sipeuda' was reanalyzed by the way of 'Sip-'. Used in the early 20th century, the form of '-gopeuda' was formed by condensing a verbal composition of '-go sipeu-'.