문화수용으로서 영어 하이쿠

A Study of Haiku in English as an Example of Acculturation

The aim of this study is to examine English haiku as a good example of acculturation which explains the process of cultural change and psychological change that results following meeting between cultures. Haiku originated in Japan and has become popular in an increasing number of languages and countries. Some see haiku mainly as a kind of poetry, a literary phenomenon. For others, it is a source of philosophical inspiration and in some way helpful to their chosen life style, possibly inspired by Zen. The traditional view is that the haiku poet, by an act of surrender, becomes aware of things impacting on his consciousness and is enabled to present them with heightened, selective objectivity. These observations occur in the course of actual, ordinary life and are recorded with an effort to efface the self. Concrete images, not abstract words, carry the meaning and create the emotional tension and atmosphere in haiku. So Pound had been fascinated by the concision and suggestiveness of Japanese haiku forms. He takes a single image of life, a unity of image from haiku. Western writers have used such knowledge as they had and their own artistic intuitions, so that after 40 years one may talk of Western traditions and Western styles which have a certain validity independent of Japanese haiku. And now, English haiku do not adhere to the strict syllable count found in Japanese haiku. Also a number of haiku variants can be seen. The most common variation from the three-line standard is one line and at its most minimal, haiku may occasionally consist of a single word. Haiku of four lines or longer have been written. There are cirku (haiku in circular form), a haiku of 15 syllables, a fixed-form 5-3-5 syllable (or 3-5-3 word) haiku and so on. In conclusion, haiku poets have felt the need to serve an apprenticeship and, when established, perhaps then contribute to the liveliness of haiku by developing and broadening its scope, without compromising its essential characteristics, attributes and qualities.