여성ㆍ가족 관련 법제의 실효성 제고를 위한 연구(Ⅰ)

A Study on Enhancing the Effectiveness of Women and Family related Legislation (Ⅰ) : In-depth analysis of abortion regulation and women's representation, and legislative proposals for women and family

연구 개요 가. 연구 필요성 및 목적 우리나라의 여성ㆍ가족 관련 법률은 빠른 속도로 발전하여 왔음. 호주제폐지를 주요 골자로 한 2005년「민법」개정과 2004년「성매매알선 등 행위의 처벌에 관한 법률」및「성매매방지 및 피해자 보호에 관한 법률」제정, 2012년 친고죄를 폐지하는 내용의「형법」개정 등은 역사적인 진전이라 평가할 수 있음. 그러나 이와 같은 여성ㆍ가족 관련 법률 제ㆍ개정에 따른 법제도 인프라 구축에도 불구하고, 여성의 사회ㆍ경제적 지위와 삶의 질은 크게 향상되지 않고 오히려 저하되고 있는 것이 현실임. 이는 여성ㆍ가족 관련 법률이 여성의 삶을 향상시키는 데 있어 그 실효성에 한계를 가지고 있다는 것을 보여주는 것임. 이 연구는 여성ㆍ가족 관련 법제의 제ㆍ개정안 마련과 외국 여성ㆍ가족관련 입법례를 조사ㆍ분석하는 등 국회 입법 활동을 성인지적으로 지원함으로써 관련 법제의 실효성 제고를 목적으로 함. 나. 연구 내용 및 방법 □ 연구 내용 이 연구는 낙태 규제 관련 법제 심층 분석, 정치ㆍ경제 분야 여성 대표성 관련 각국 현황 및 입법례, 여성ㆍ가족 관련 입법과제의 세 영역으로 나누어 진행되었음. □ 연구 방법 첫째, 국내외 관련 연구물과 각종 법률 자료를 수집하여 분석하였음. 둘째, 1,000명을 대상으로 낙태 관련 법제에 대한 국민인지도 설문조사를 실시하였음. 셋째, 본원, 국회의원, 연구단체 등 공동으로 6차에 걸쳐 '젠더와 입법포럼'을 개최하여 여성ㆍ가족 관련 입법과제를 공론화함. 넷째, 이 연구에서 제시한 관련법 제ㆍ개정안이 입법과정에 신속하고 유용하게 활용되도록 하기 위해「젠더와 입법」Brief를 6월(제1호)과 12월(제2호) 2회 제작하여 배포하였음. 다섯째, 관련 전문가 워크숍 및 자문회의 개최를 통해 의견을 수렴 연구 방법론과 관련 입법과제를 도출하였음. 제1부 낙태 규제 관련 법제 심층 분석 및 입법과제 가. 낙태 인식 및 규제 현황 □ 낙태 규제 관련 법제 내용 우리나라는「모자보건법」상 낙태허용 사유 이외의 낙태는「형법」에 의해 금지됨.「형법」은 '제27장 낙태의 죄'에서 모든 낙태를 원칙적으로 금지함. 낙태죄는 자기낙태죄, 촉탁ㆍ승낙에 의한 낙태죄, 업무상 촉탁ㆍ승낙에 의한 낙태죄, 부동의낙태죄, 낙태치사상죄로 구성되어 있음. 한편 「모자보건법」은 본인이나 배우자가 우생학적ㆍ유전학적 정신장애나 신체질환이 있는 경우, 전염성 질환이 있는 경우, 강간 또는 준강간에 의한 임신, 법률상 혼인 불가능한 혈족 또는 인척 간의 임신인 경우, 임신 지속이 보건의학적 이유로 모체의 건강을 심각하게 해치고 있거나 해칠 우려가 있는 경우에만 임신 24주 이내에 임산부 본인과 법률상 또는 사실상의 배우자의 동의를 얻어 낙태할 수 있음.

Women and family related laws in Korea have shown rapid advancement. The revision of the 2005 Civil Act with the repeal of patriarchal family system as the main aim, the enactment of both the Act on the Punishment of Acts of Arranging Sexual Traffic, etc. and the Act on the Prevention of Sexual Traffic and Protection, etc. of Victims Thereof, and the revision in 2012 of the Criminal Act which abolished a crime subject to victims's complaint are appraised as historical progress. However, in reality, the socio-economic status and quality of life of women have not improved. Rather they are declining, though there were the construction of legal and institutional infrastructure for women and family following the enactment and the revision of women and family laws. This fact shows that women and family related laws have limitations in its actual effectiveness of increasing the quality of life for women. In response to this matter, this study aims to enhance the effectiveness of women and family related legislation by supporting legislation activities of the National Assembly in a gender sensitive way with an annual provision of proposals for enactment and revision of women and family related legislation, and research and analysis of women and family legislation cases. This study was conducted by dividing a field of study into three as follows: In-depth analysis of abortion regulations; current status and legislation cases in other countries in regard to the representation of women in areas of politics and economy; and future legislation for women and family. First, a proposed revision was made on abortion regulation through in-depth analysis among other current issues on women and family. For this we conducted a survey of a thousand people about opinions of the current status of abortion, people's awareness of abortion regulations, a desired direction and a scope of abortion regulations. Thenwe analyzed the results in this study. Furthermore, we examined current agenda on abortion regulations after considering problems of the current Mother and Child Health Act, the revised Criminal Act and the revised Mother and Child Health Act which were brought before the 18th National Assembly. Then we analyzed ways of regulating abortion, scopes of abortion permission and prohibition in other countries through analysing legislation cases on abortion in other countries to obtain implications for Korea. Second, we analysed legislation trends in other countries to seek for ways to enhance the effectiveness of women and family legislation and to find legislative implications for Korea. This year, we investigated and analysed legislation cases in other countries in an aim to increase representation of women in political and economic sectors in Korea and we outlined the trends in other countries in terms of enactment and revisions of women and family related laws as follows: First, we examined recent data to look at each countries' current status regarding representation of women in politics by classifying legislation cases of allocation for women representation into allocation of candidate members of National Assembly, allocation of parliamentary seats, and quota systems of parties which are specified in parties' constitutions, rules and regulation, and such systems as an equal number for allocation; Then, we looked at recent data showing the current status of other countries regarding women's representation in economic sectors and we examined France, Norway and Spain which legalized a quota system for women board members from among EU member states and as countries with high percentage of women presence in board members; last, we investigated and organized trends of legislation cases of women and family which were conducted in recent three years in other countries.