아태지역 양성평등 정책 인프라 강화 사업(Ⅱ)

Strengthening Gender Equality Policy Infrastructure in the Asia-Pacific Region(II): Development of Women's Policy Model Tailored to Local Needs

Ⅰ. 서론 1. 연구 배경 및 중장기 목표 ○ 국제사회의 개발협력 분야 논의에서 양성평등의 이슈는 끊임없이 강조되 어옴. 1970년대부터 '유엔 세계여성의 해(UN International Year for Women)'가 선포되고, 그 후 양성평등의 이슈는 '개발 속의 여성(Women in Development)' 접근의 등장, '젠더와 개발(Gender and Development)' 접근, '성주류화(Gender Mainstreaming)' 논의 등으로 발전되어 옴. 또한 2000년, UN에서 채택된 새천년개발목표(Millennium Development Goals, MDGs)는 양성평등 및 여성의 세력화를 그 내용으로 포함하고 있으며, OECD 개발원 조위원회(Development Assistance Committee, DAC)에서도 2008년 성평등 관련 추가 지침서를 채택한 바 있음. 이러한 국제적 흐름을 반영하여 지난 해 개최된 제4차 부산 세계개발원조총회(The Fourth High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness, HLF-4)에서는 '양성평등을 위한 통계역량 강화(EDGE)' 이니셔티브가 제안되었음. 이러한 국제사회의 흐름에 발맞추어 한국의 공적개발원조(ODA)도 성주류화와 여성분야 사업 아이템을 발굴할 필요가 있음. ○ 또한, OECD/DAC Special Review(2008)에서 한국은 여성 및 환경 분야 등 범분야(cross-cutting) 이슈들에 대한 ODA 예산 배정과 집행이 미약함을 지적 받은 바 있음. 범분야 이슈에 대한 정책적 선도는 신흥 원조 공여국으로서 한국의 국가 브랜드를 함양함과 동시에 한국 원조의 선진화를 추구할 수 있는 방안임. 본 연구사업은 국제사회로부터 범분야 이슈에 대한 실행을 요구받는 현실과 한국 ODA 사업 중 젠더분야 정책의 비중이 적은 것을 감안하여, 한국 ODA에 젠더분야 정책을 제시하기 위해 출발함. ○ 이러한 배경에서 본 사업은 아태지역 개발도상국의 양성평등 정책의 발전을 위해 수원국의 여성정책 수요와 정책운영 현황 및 구조를 파악하여, 국가별 맞춤형 정책을 발굴하고 아태지역 전반에 적용 가능한 일반모형을 개발하고자 함. ○ 본 사업은 2014년까지 지속되는 다차년도 사업으로, 연차별 연구의 내용과 추진방법에 대해 정리하면 다음 표 내용과 같음.

As international development community drew attention to gender issues, bilateral and multilateral aid organizations have given shape to implementation plans for gender equality in developing countries and have taken concrete actions. Not only is it high time for Korea to keep up with this trend as the 24th membr in DAC(Development Assistance Committee), but also Korea needs to integrate programs on gender equality and gender mainstreaming with its ODA. This background motivated Korean Women's Development Institute (KWDI) to launch a multi-year ODA project for strengthening gender equality policy infrastructure in the Asia-Pacific in 2011. As the study in an extension of the first year targeting Cambodia and Indonesia, this research project has implemented two field workshops with intent to have policy dialogues. Also, the research made recommendations with tailored policies in three areas-women's political and economic empowerment and violence against women-as well as general gender policy model, thereby finding the intersection between the recipients' demands and Korea, the donor's supply with regard to women's policy. This research report started from introduction of this multi-year ODA project and its methodology in Chapter One, followed by examination on recent paradigm of development cooperation focusing on capacity development. In this regard, knowledge sharing is one of the keys to stimulate these efforts. The Relationship between capacity development and knowledge sharing was described in Chapter Two as well as current status of other aid organizations. This research has applied two methods to bridge the gap between the two sides. From the recipients' side, this research conducted in-depth interviews, policy development workshops, and consultation meetings on customized policy recommentations. The results and from in-depth interviews were presented and analyzed in Chapter Three. From Korea's side, this study made an analysis of Korea's ODA policy basis and KOICA's existing gender mainstreaming projects in addition to exploration on gender-related projects of other aid organizations as introduced in Chapter Four. Furthermore, the research started out to systematically document Korea's experience in women's policy development, emulating Korea's 'Knowledge Sharing Project(KSP)' which modularizes Korea's economic development experience and improves effectiveness through high-level dialogue. Systematization has been centered on key women's policies, and three of the systematization topics-women's political, economic capacity development and women's human rights-were first used in this research report as an extension of the first year project. In Chapter Five, this study offered policy recommendations and implications tailored to Cambodia and Indonesia respectively along with overview of the current status in two countries. As a consequence, this report offered suggestions on system for gender equality, policy modal based on customizaion and systematization, and direction for Korea's gender-related ODA programs in Chapter Six. This research paper is expected to contribute in the following aspects. First, through inter-governmental dialogues, Korean government officials or and their Cambodian or Indonesian counterparts agreed on the necessity and identified obstacles of women's policy and developed mutually feasible development agendas. Second, the outcomes and the workshop on capacity building will serve as a foundation for knowledge sharing on Korea's gender equality policies. Third, this research intends to develop women's policy tailored to local needs and make policy suggestions for recipient countries. This effort will be able to contribute to more gender projects and gender-sensitive perspective in Korea's ODA by encouraging the Korean government to put gender mainstreaming into practice.