가족관련 가치 및 의식의 변화와 가족의 미래

The Transformation of Korean's Family Consciousness and Family Future

1. 연구 필요성 및 목적 □ 초저출산, 고령화가 지속되고, 다문화가족이나 1인가구 등 소위 비전통적이고 비정형적인 가족형태가 빠르게 증가함에 따라 한국인의 가족개념과 의식 역시 변동과정에 노출되어 왔음. ○ 특히 그동안 가족중심성의 토대로 작동되어 온 가족주의가 상당부분 변화하고 있는데, 이는 가족의 의미와 본질을 재구성하거나 새롭게 정의하는 일련의 과정과 연계되어 있음. - 개인과 가족, 가족과 사회, 개인과 사회의 삼자적 관계를 되묻는 구조변동인 동시에 새로운 가족의식의 출현을 예고 ○ 가족의식의 변화방향은 쉽사리 예측하기 어려운 측면이 있음. - 신자유주의 여파로 남녀 및 세대를 불문하여 개인 생애에서 노동시장적 지위가 갖는 중요성과 비중이 더욱 확대되면서 가족에 대한 개인의 헌신과 구속에 근거한 가족형태 및 문화는 크게 변화될 전망 - 그러나 다른 한편에서는 노동시장의 유연화와 노동 강도의 심화로 오히려 경쟁적인 노동세계와는 다른 가족의 삶이나 회고적 가족가치에 대한 희구 또한 강화될 가능성도 없지 않음. □ 이에 본 연구에서는 사회인구구조의 변동은 물론 개인가치와 인식의 변화를 추동할 만큼 빠르게 변화하는 노동 및 사회환경 속에서 한국인의 가족인식과 가치관의 특성이 무엇인가를 파악하고, 나아가 향후 가족의식 및 가치의 변화가능성을 살펴볼 것임. ○ 가족을 둘러싼 외부환경의 변화전망이 아직은 구체화되지 않은 시점에서 향후 가족의식의 변화를 예측하기란 쉽지 않음. - 특히 가치와 의식의 변화는 외형적이고 물질적인 변화와 달리 한 개인의 심층적인 의식구조와 결부되어 있다는 점에서 가족가치와 인식 정향은 불연속적이거나 모순적인 양상으로 나타날 가능성 또한 없지 않음. ○ 이 연구에서는 다양한 가족의식의 이면을 관통하는 특징적 양상이 무엇인가를 확인하고, 이러한 특징들을 면밀히 분석함으로써 향후 한국인의 가족인식의 변화방향을 가늠해 보고자 함. - 더욱이 가족인식이나 가족가치관은 곧 개인 삶의 질과 가족생활에 대한 주관적 평가에 중요한 영향을 미치고 있다는 점에서 변화하는 가족현실과 가족의식의 정합성을 논의함. - 나아가 가족의식의 변화 및 가족의식의 분화기제가 무엇인지를 살펴보고, 가족의식의 내부적 다양성이나 차이가 갖는 이론적, 정책적 함의를 규명하고자 함.

This study examines the transformation of Korean's family conception, family value, and the characteristics of family consciousness over the past two decades. Using both quantitative and qualitative data, the study aims to reveal prominent changes in family perception and values in Korean society, and thus forecast how family will change in the future. The methods and contents of this research are as follows. First, since there is few available longitudinal data on family consciousness, this study uses the raw data from Social Survey that has measured family consciousness with the same questionnaire since the mid-1990s. The longitudinal data enable us to analyze the family consciousness in detail: characteristics, gender and inter-generational differences, and overall trends overtime. Second, the study uses women and family novels published after the 1990s to explore the changes inwomen's family consciousness and their sexuality. Third, this study does in-depthi nterviews with women in age of the20s-40s to observe the degree of individualization with in families and trends of diversification. Previous studies suggest that the young generation and the women have played an important role in changing family consciousness in the past decades. Fourth, the findings of this study will provide some policy implications regarding the characteristics of family consciousness and how they will change in the future. The main findings of the research are as follows. The characteristics and changes in family consciousness described in Korean novels reflect the actual trends of family change. Korean family novels written since the 1990s deals with family members' sufferings that patriarchal system generates. In addition, the Korean literature includes various topics such as deconstruction of the traditional family structures as well as the refiguration of the concept and boundary of family. As a way to replace patriarchic family system, for example, some family novels feature 'matriarchal family form' or 'hybrid family' that are composed of heterogeneous members. To criticize modern marriage and family structures, some novels cover bigamous marriage system based on polyandry; to criticize the homogeneous family system, others highlight the diversity and differences within the family systems. Still others recently emphasize the diversity in family forms and the individualization. The diversity and individualization is observed in more recent years, because Koreans focus more on individuals than on group when they perceive family and they describe family as a fluid group. Family as a rest place has become meaningless, and home can be transformed any time. Family has become a space for relationships where people formulate relationship and solidarity without condition for membership. The study finds similar results from in-depth interviews with women by analyzing how women value family. The analysis of Social Survey also shows that here has been slow but steady change in family consciousness. The family consciousness has become flexible: while the need for marriage and remarriage has gradually declined from 1998 to 2010, the acceptance of divorce has increased. In particular, gender conflict about family value is likely to occur because gender difference on the family value has increased last ten years. While tolerance on unconventional marriage has increased, negative attitude on adultery or nonmartial birth is still prevalent.Familyconsciousnessdiffersbyagegroups.