성 주류화 관련제도의 효과적 정착을 위한 연구(Ⅴ)

Research on the Effective Establishment of the Gender Mainstreaming System(Ⅴ): Activation Measures to Implement Policy Recommendations of Gender Impact Assessment

Ⅰ. 서 론 1. 연구배경 및 목적 2012년은 「성별영향분석평가법」이 시행된 원년으로 성 주류화 제도 정착에 중요한 전환점이 되고 있다. 성별영향분석평가제도의 목적은 정책이나 법령 등이 여성과 남성에게 미치는 차별적 영향을 예측하고, 분석ㆍ평가하여 차별을 개선하기 위한 정책대안을 도출하는 것이며, 동시에 이를 정책과정에 반영하여 실질적이고 결과적인 성평등 사회를 이루는 것이다. 그간의 성별영향분석평가제도에 관한 연구를 보면 추진체계 및 도구개발에 집중된 반면, 성별영향분석평가 환류 및 정책 개선에 관한 연구가 미흡한 편이다. 또한 이 제도를 확산시키기 위해 정책개선 과정에 다양한 주체들을 참여시키는 방안에 대한 연구가 부족하다. 이에 본 연구는 성별영향분석평가에 참여한 기관이 작성한 정책개선실적보고서(2008-2011년)의 정책개선안을 사업분야별로 현황을 파악하고, 환류를 통해서 정책개선이 이루어진 사례를 분석하는 한편, 공무원 및 전문가 의견조사를 실시하여 정책환류 활성화 방안을 모색하고자 하였다.

This study, a fifth-year study on effective establishment for GM-related systems, aims to explore the effective measures to implement the outcomes of Gender Impact Assessment(GIA). With its 7-year experience to practice GIA, Korea government enforced the Act on Gender Impact Assessment in 2012. Though quantitative growth of GIA, there are still many challenges to be met in order for feedbacks of GIA to be fully reflected to policies. Therefore, we examine major policy recommendations made by GIA in different categories and a number of selected successful cases to implement the suggestions. We also make further recommendations to improve implementation of GIA outcomes based on findings of a survey on relevant government officials and experts. This study makes a conclusion with several policy recommendations for GIA as follows: First, regarding the relevant law, the Act on GIA needs to be partly revised especially in order to provide a legal basis for government to implement GIA results. The legal base is necessary for citizens to experience policy changes made by GIA and for civil society as well as government officials to participate in the process. The ordinances on GIA by some local governments including Gwangjo Metropolitan City are good examples to state "In order to improve effectiveness of GIA, the efforts shall be made to encourage citizens' initiatives and voluntarism and to establish governance between government and civil society by utilizing citizens' policy proposal, forming committees for citizens' participation, and providing financial support to NGOs." This study suggests that the GIA guideline published by the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family (MOGEF) should include the forms to do overall GIA plans and to report implementation of GIA suggestions. Second, in relation to implementing systems and strengthening accountability, it is recommended that to establish a GIA committee with some working units under the Prime Minister(PM). It is essential to have political will of high level officials in central government for effective functioning GIA systems and to have active involvement of central government bodies in revising relevant regulations and budgeting for reflecting GIA suggestions. The new GIA committee will need some working units such as a GIA working unit and a Gender Budgeting unit, which will play roles for reflecting GIA feedbacks and supporting their implementations in different areas such as health and welfare, local development, and culture and tourism, etc. Also, GIA committees should be formed and operated by each government body in order to implement GIA systematically and to encourage participation of various agents. And because frequent replacement of government officials has put difficulties on GIA suggestions implementation, the bodies conducting GIA have to consider to install a person in charge of gender issues, who will make continuity and effective implementation of GIA and its suggestions. Korea has equipped GIA systems based on the Act of GIA to set up GIA Centers in 16 metro cities and provinces, which were assigned by MOGEF. The GIA Centers are playing roles to support GIA and Gender Budgeting in local governments, to expand GIA nationwide, and to function as GIA focal points for gender policies. The Centers have provided relevant training and consulting on GIA systems and need to be better financed for better performance with expertise.