사업분야별 성별영향분석평가 정책개선 국내ㆍ외 사례연구

A Study on the Improvement of Gender Impact Assessment by Business Reference Model: the cases of Korea and overseas

Ⅰ. 서론 1. 연구필요성 및 목적 성별영향분석평가는 법령ㆍ계획ㆍ사업 등 정부의 주요 정책을 수립ㆍ시행하는 과정에서 여성과 남성의 특성과 사회ㆍ경제적 격차 등의 요인들을 체계적으로 분석평가 함으로써 정부 정책이 성평등의 실현에 기여하도록 하는 제도이다. 이러한 성별영향분석평가 제도의 도입목적은 차별을 개선할 정책대안을 도출하고 이를 정책과정에 반영하여 실질적이고 결과적인 성평등 사회를 이루는 데 있다. 2005년부터 본격적으로 도입하여 실시하고 있는 우리나라 성별영향분석평가는 그 동안 참여기관 및 평가과제의 양적확대가 이루어져 왔다. 그 동안 성별영향분석평가 사업 참여기관 수는 2005년 53개 기관에서 2010년 292개 기관, 2011년에는 293개 기관, 참여과제 수는 2005년 85개 과제에서 2010년 2,401개 과제, 2011년 2,954개 과제로 대폭 증가 해 왔다. 그에 따라 평가결과를 반영한 정책개선 성과가 무엇인지에 대한 의문과 요구가 크다. 이에 성별영향분석평가를 통한 구체적인 정책개선 사례를 발굴하고, 그 특성을 분석함으로써 요구에 부응할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 그 동안 공무원이 수행해 온 성별영향분석평가 결과보고서 및 정책개선 보고서들을 검토하고, 또 해외 주요국가의 정책개선 사례를 구체적으로 발굴하여 제시하는데 목적이 있다.

Gender Impact Assessment (GIA) is a tool to be used by governments to promote gender equality in their policies by analyzing differences between men and women including different needs and socio-economic status in the process of planning and implementation of regulation and programs of government. The goal of GIA is to achieve de facto gender equality by suggesting policy recommendations and their implementation to eliminate gender discrimination. Since its introduction in 2005, GIA in Korea has expanded its coverage in terms of the number of GIA-conducting agents and target programs. The number of agents has increased from 53 in 2005 to 292 in 2010 and 293 in 2011 with increasing target programs from 85 in 2005, to 2,401 in 2010 and 2,954 in 2011. The objectives of this study are to review GIA reports and follow-up reports submitted by government officials and to present good GIA practices in other countries. The contents of this study are: First, to identify the domestic cases of policy improvement by GIA based on Business Reference Model and to analyze their features. The cases are divided in categories of target programs including public order, science and technology, and education: Second, to present good practices of GIA mechanisms to enhance its effectiveness at the level of administrative bodies. They include the cases such as to make gender governance at local level, to insert GIA as a part of evaluation indicators of local governments by central government, and to employ persons in charge of GIA in the agents: Third, to examine the relevant cases in Canada and UK in order to indentify good practices from abroad. The outcomes are as follows. First, 131 cases in 16 categories are identified domestically. 44 cases, around one third of total cases, are in the category of social welfare, and 13 in local development, 10 in general public administration, 10 in public health and 10 in others (gender-sensive reform of regulation). And there are 1~5 cases in science and technology, communication, cultureㆍsportsㆍtourism and reunificationㆍforeign affairs. Second, after investigating 16 local governments of metropolitan cities and provinces, the study confirms that there are 5 local governments to have gender equality coordinating committees, 7 to install a position in charge of gender policies, and 7 to exercise executive governance for gender mainstreaming, all of which are serving for implementing and strengthening GIA. And the study also finds out that there are 8 local governments to put GIA in Balanced Scorecard (BSC) indicators, 9 to include GIA in evaluation indicators of women policies, and 7 to give awards for good practices of GIA. Third, the study presents 9 cases in 4 categories from Canada, which are 3 in public health, 3 in social welfare, and 1 in public order and safety, transportation, general public administration, and 8 cases in 5 categories from UK, which are 3 in social welfare, and 2 in public health and 1 in public order and safety, general public administration and local development.