성인지적 예산분석을 위한 기초연구

Basic Research for Gender Budgeting: Focusing on Gender Issues in Transportation Policy for Mobility-Handicapped

1. 연구배경 및 목적 □ 성인지 예산제도는 성불평등과 무관해 보이는 정책에 대한 성인지적 관점에서의 분석ㆍ평가를 통해 도출된 개선사항을 예산의 편성과 집행, 평가과정에서 반영하도록 하는 제도임. 이러한 취지 하에서 『국가재정법』에 성인지예산제도 관련 규정이 마련되었으며, 정부는 동법에 근거하여 2009년도부터 성인지 예산서를 작성하여 국회에 제출하고 있음. 동 제도 도입의 취지는 성불평등과 여성에 대한 관심이 단지 여성정책 전담부서만이 아니라, 모든 정부부처와 조직들의 책무임을 명료화하는 것임. 이를 위해서는 일반 정책에 대한 성인지적(gender sensitive) 관점에서의 분석과 평가가 필수적임. □ 여성과 남성이 평등한 상태가 무엇인지를 한 마디로 정의하고, 모든 정책에 적용할 수 있는 원칙을 도출하는 것은 가능하지 않은 일임. 정책에 따라 여성과 남성의 관련 상황에 차이가 있으며, 여성과 남성의 욕구와 수요가 같지 않기 때문임. 그러므로 각각의 정책을 대상으로 남성과 여성의 다를 수 있는 욕구와 수요 차이를 인식하고, 이를 정책의 개선과 예산에 반영하는 것이 중요함. □ 이 연구는 인간 삶에서 기초적이고 필수적인 '이동'에 주목하여, 이동 제약을 경험하는 교통약자의 이동편의 정책을 성인지적 관점에서 분석ㆍ평가하고자 함. 교통약자 이동편의 정책 예산에 대한 성인지적 분석을 수행하는 것이 아니라 성인지적 예산 분석을 위한 기초자료를 생산하고자 함. 이를 위해 교통약자 이동편의 정책에서의 성별 욕구와 정책 수요의 차이를 분석하고, 이를 통해 성인지적 개선을 위한 정책 의제를 도출하고자 함. 아울러 성인지 예산제도 운영에서의 성별 정보 수집의 중요성에 대한 함의를 도출해 보고자 함.

The gender budgeting refers to a system which reflects in budget process suggestions for improvements developed through analysis and assessment of policies from a gender perspective even when the policies seem unrelated to gender inequality. To do so, it is important to recognize differences in desire and policy demands between men and women, and to reflect these differences in policy improvement and budget. Capturing the desire to travel, which is fundamental and essential in human life, this study aims at using a gender approach to analyze and evaluate policies for the promotion of convenience for the mobility handicapped. Towards this end, this study conducted focused group interviews and questionnaire survey of people with disabilities and the aged, analyzed the gender differences in desire and policy demands for policies on the promotion of convenience for the mobility handicapped, and attempted to develop a policy agenda for gender-sensitive improvements. Based on survey results, this study presented a gender-sensitive policy agenda in three areas and suggested improvements from a gender perspective. The three areas are 1) gender differences in behavior when using public transportation, 2) gender differences due to women's social vulnerability, and 3) gender differences arising from women-specific desires and social roles. 1) From the aspect of behavior for using public transportation, disabled women use buses or taxis more frequently but have less ability than men to perceive traffic information. Particularly, aged women have relatively low abilities to perceive traffic information, so that they tend to need more assistance from others when using subways and buses. Considering these differences, it is necessary to take measures to improve the environment for bus users and provide support for securing taxies for the disabled. It is also necessary to expand guide services qualitatively and quantitatively for aged women and disabled persons who lack the ability to understand information about using public transportation or who have limited ability to use public transit systems. 2) Women are more vulnerable for risks of income, health, and violence as compared to men, which act as factors restricting their mobility. The survey showed that women felt more burdened by transportation costs than men; aged women had more difficulty going up and down the stairs of subways and buses because they suffer more from diseases which directly restrict their mobility than do men. It was also found that women with disabilities had more unpleasant experiences or humiliation than men, due to prejudices of transportation service providers, when using special means of transportation such as taxies or call taxies for the disabled. Given these differences, the government should introduce a system to discount or exempt bus fares for mobility-handicapped people, install more elevators in subway stations and introduce more low-floor buses. It should also be mandatory for public transit service providers to educate their employees about providing quality services for the disabled, giving opportunities for disabled people to educate employees directly. Women with disabilities should be able to participate in this employee education. 3) Gender differences arising from women-specific desires and social roles were found in cases of sexual harassment or violence against women with disabilities and difficulties of disabled parents when traveling with their children. In particular, disabled women experienced various types of sexual harassment or violence while travelling in closed narrow spaces with taxi drivers or drivers for special transportation services. Realistically, since women take care of young children more frequently, disabled women travel with their children more often than do men. As they have lower abilities to drive cars than do men, they tend to use public transportation more than driving when accompanied by their children an