아태지역 양성평등 정책 인프라강화 사업

Strengthening Gender Equality Policy Infrastructure in the Asia-Pacific Region : Developing a Workshop Module for the Experts' Capacity Building in Cambodia and Indonesia

Ⅰ. 서론 1. 연구 배경 및 목적 가. 연구의 배경 ○ 새천년개발목표 (Mellennium Development Goal)의 여덟 가지 개발목표 중 하나로 양성평등과 여성세력화가 명시되어 있는 등 국제개발협력분야에서 젠더가 범분야적 (cross-cutting) 이슈로 강조되고 있음. 그러나 한국의 경우 젠더분야 ODA 사업이 미미하고, ODA에 성주류화 전략이 충분히 반영되지 않음. 따라서 한국이 국제개발협력분야에서 리더십을 발휘하기 위해서는 젠더분야 ODA 사업을 강화함으로써 ODA를 선진화시킬 필요가 있음. 나. 연구의 목적 ○ 본 보고서는 한국여성정책연구원이 2011년도부터 실시한 「아태지역 양성 평등 정책 인프라 강화사업」의 일차년도 사업결과를 제시하고 있음. 본 연구는 특히 초청 워크샵을 아태지역 양성평등 정책 전문가들의 역량을 강화시킬 기제로 간주하여 2011년 2주간 실시한 캄보디아와 인도네시아 양성평등 정책 역량강화 초청 워크샵의 준비과정, 내용, 결과를 소개함. 이를 바탕으로 본 연구는 아태지역 양성평등 정책 개발을 위한 워크샵 모듈 및 젠더분야 ODA 사업을 개발하는 등 한국 ODA 선진화에 기여하고자 함. 2. 선행 연구사업과의 차이점 ○ 기존 ODA연구는 개발원조와 성평등의 현황 파악이나 국제동향 및 사업소개가 주된 내용으로, 공여국 (선진국 또는 한국)과 수원국 간 유기적 연결이나 수원국 수요 파악이 부족하여 각 국별 특성화된 전략을 제시하지 못함. 이러한 한계 극복을 위해 본 연구는 현지 기초현황 설문조사, 현지 전문가 컨설팅 등 심화된 현장 지역연구를 통해 현지 수요를 파악함. 이에 기초하여 본 연구사업 연구진과 현지 정책전문가 공동으로 대상국별 구체적인 지원전략을 현지 전문가의 인적 역량강화라는 과정을 통해 개발함.

Recently, gender has been emphasized in the discussions of international development cooperation as a cross-cutting issue. Korea's official development assistance (ODA) has rapidly advanced, but its gender sector is still lagging behind. Neither is budget allocation for gender projects sufficient, nor is gender fully mainstreamed in Korea's ODA. Thus, strengthening gender projects and mainstreaming gender are the key to the progress of Korea's ODA. To fill this gap, Korean Women's Development Institute (KWDI) started a multi-year ODA project for strengthening gender equality policy infrastructure in the Asia-Pacific in 2011. This research is based on the result of the first year project targeted at Cambodia and Indonesia. It entails policy recommendations for gender projects aimed at the Asian-Pacific countries, to ultimately contribute to the advancement of Korea's ODA as a catalyst of gender policy development. Gender policy experts' capacity can be seen as infrastructure for gender equality policy based on the Human Capital Theory and Amartya Sen's Human Capability Approach. Training workshops can be utilized as an effective tool to develop the experts' capacity in developing countries. To maximize the effects of the capacity building workshop, it is also critical to design strong gender policy networks. After analyzing the existing gender policy training programs, the results indicate that there are several implications for further development. The multilateral agencies such as UNIFEM, ITC/ILO and World Bank showed more sophisticated workshop modules including higher standard of ample teaching materials and topics for the lecturers when compared to the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA)'s training workshops. The Workshops hosted by KOICA usually operate by assigning proxy agencies, but their participation in decision-making process and sustainable partnership with the participants after the workshop are too limited. Thus, workshops for gender policy requires to follow higher qualities that of the international organizations to overcome current limitations. The first two target countries of KWDI's ODA project-Cambodia and Indonesia differ in many aspects, which clearly reflects the economic, political, and socio-cultural diversity of the Asia-Pacific countries. Therefore, thorough examination on the local needs for gender equality policy is required prior to designing of the workshop. Based on the results of preliminary research and local consultation meetings on gender policy in Cambodia and Indonesia, three topic areas were selected as electives for the KWDI workshop: women's economic empowerment, women's political empowerment, and women's human rights including anti-violence against women. KWDI's workshop for capacity building of gender policy experts in 2011 gained a great success in terms of participant satisfaction. This results from efforts to help the experts take their own initiatives in developing capacity and building gender policy network for sustainable growth in both countries. First, the workshop program was tailored to local needs as KWDI worked closely with local gender experts from the beginning of the project. Also, during the workshop, participants could develop concrete action plans on topics of their interest, and build policy network in each country that consisted of experts from government, NGOs and academia. Thus, these success factors should be considered when developing workshop modules for the capacity building of gender policy experts. Moreover, this research paper provides additional policy suggestions to improve Korea's ODA by reinforcing gender projects. First, it shows various ways to develop workshop modules for the gender experts' capacity building in the Asia-Pacific region. It is recommended that the 2011 KWDI workshop module be further developed by providing more sophisticated and intensive courses in various levels.