서울거주 외국인 밀집지역내 범죄통제방안에 대한 연구

Study on Crime Control Plans in Areas Densely Populated with Foreigners -With a focus on Broken Window Theory and Zero Tolerance Policing-

우리나라도 다문화 사회로 진입하였으며, 일부 외국인 밀집지역은 인종ㆍ문화ㆍ종교간 갈등, 무질서하고 불결한 생활환경으로 인해 범죄취약지역으로 부상하고 있어 사회적 부담이 되고 있다. '깨어진 창 이론'은 무질서, 경미범죄를 단속하고 환경을 개선함으로써 범죄를 억제할 수 있다고 주장하였고, '무관용 경찰활동'은 그 실천전략이다. 서울 체류 외국인의 30.1%가 영등포ㆍ구로ㆍ용산구 등 3대 밀집지역에 체류하고 있지만, 서울지역 외국인 5대범죄 피의자의 40.1%가 3대 외국인 밀집지역에 집중되어 있고, 폭력 피의자가 3대 밀집지역 5대범죄 피의자의 82.4%를 차지하고 있어 서울경찰은 외국인 밀집지역내 범죄통제를 위하여 깨어진 창 이론에 근거한 무관용 경찰활동의 범주에 포함되는 ①외국인 밀집지역 특별순찰, ②주취자 집중 단속, ③도박사범 단속, ④SOFA사건 예방활동 등을 전개하였다. 그 결과 서울 외국인 밀집지역내 4대 강ㆍ폭력 사건, SOFA 사건, 도박사건 피의자가 크게 감소하는 등 범죄통제에 효과가 큰 것으로 확인되었다. 하지만, 깨어진 창 이론에 근거한 무관용 경찰활동은 단기적인 처방이고, 지역사회와의 관계에 악영향을 끼친다는 비판이 제기되고 있어, ①외국인 밀집지역 경찰활동에 대한 평가ㆍ환류 실시, ②Policing Partner 제도 도입, ③CPTED를 통한 외국인 밀집지역 범죄 취약요소 개선, ④출입국관리사무소와의 유기적인 협조, ⑤제노포비아 차단을 통한 밀집지역 무질서 예방, ⑥다문화 치안활동을 통한 밀집지역내 사회통합 강화를 통해 미비점을 보완할 것을 제안한다.

As South Korea is increasingly becoming a multicultural society, some ethnic places are emerging as new crime-vulnerable areas due to conflicts among different races, cultures and religions and chaotic and filthy living environments and thus becoming a social burden factor. Wilson & Kelling claimed with their "Broken Window Theory" that crimes should be controlled by cracking down on disorder and minor offences in the community and improving the environment. One of its practice strategies is "Zero Tolerance Policing." Of foreigners staying in Seoul, 30.1% are in the three major areas densely populated with foreigners, namely Yeongdeungpo-gu, Guro, and Yongsan-gu. However, 40.1% of foreign suspects of five major crimes, which include murder, robbery, rape, burglary, and violence, in Seoul are concentrated in the three major areas densely populated with foreigners with violence suspects accounting for 82.4% of suspects of five major crimes in those three areas. Most foreign gangsters are active around those three areas. In addition, 14.7% of foreign suspects of four major and violent crimes, which include murder, robbery, rape, and violence, use a deadly weapon, being higher than that of local suspects(12.4%). News coverage of crimes by foreigners increases the anxiety of people. In an effort to control crimes in the areas densely populated with foreigners, the Seoul Police carried out ① special patrols in areas densely populated with foreigners, ② intensive crackdown of foreign drunks, ③ crackdown of gamblers, ④ prevention of SOFA accidents, and ⑤ crackdown of unsanitary food to eradicate four major evils under the category of Zero Tolerance Policing based on the Broken Window Theory. As a result, the four major and violent crimes have been on the decline in the areas densely populated with Chinese people in Seoul since 2011. There were approximately 150 SOFA accident suspects annually until 2011, and the number drastically dropped to under 100 since 2012. There were 2,038 gambling case suspects in 2011, and the number plummeted to 534 in 2012 and 351 in 2013. Those numbers prove that the policing activities are every effective for crime control. However, criticisms are rising regarding Zero Tolerance Policing based on the Broken Window Theory, arguing that it is merely a short-term measure to heal no fundamental causes of crime and has bad influences on relationships with the community through aggressive law enforcement. The present study thus proposed to ① evaluate and reflux policing activities in areas densely populated with foreigners, ② introduction of the policing partner system, ③ improve the crime vulnerability elements in areas densely populated with foreigners through CPTED, ④ promote organic cooperation with the Immigration Office of Ministry of Justice, ⑤ prevent disorder in areas densely populated with foreigners by blocking xenophobia and ⑥ strengthen social integration in areas densely populated with foreigners through multicultural activities for public peace in order to supplement the insufficient measures and continue the policing activities.