가족의 미래와 여성ㆍ가족정책전망(Ⅳ)

The Future of the Family and Projections for Policies Regarding Women and Families in South Korea (Ⅳ)

Ⅰ. 서론 1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 □ 「가족의 미래와 여성ㆍ가족정책전망 (2011-2014)」 4개년 기획연구의 시작은 한국의 급속한 가족형태와 가족의식의 변화를 목도하면서 중ㆍ장기적 시각에서 가족의 현재적 변화와 미래의 변화방식을 예단하고, 선제적인 대응 방향의 모색이 필요하다는 데서 출발하였다. ○ 1차년도(2011년) 연구는 미래학 방법론을 원용하여 가족의 변화를 진단하는 환경 분석과 가족미래 변화 영역과 변동 요인 발굴 (인구, 정치, 경제 및 노동, 과학기술, 가족가치)을 통해 가족의 미래모습에 대한 사전적 연구의 특성을 갖는다. ○ 2차년도(2012년)에서는 1차년도(2011년) 연구를 통해 도출된 가족의 미래예측 변동요인들을 기반으로 각 요인들의 변동방향을 예측하고 예측된 변동방향에 대한 델파이조사 및 시나리오기법을 통해 5종의 미래가족 시나리오를 개발하였다. 이중 미래에 가장 희구하는 시나리오는 가족돌봄과 경제적불평등이 적고, 개인중심가치가 증가하여 가족구성원간 규범적 부담은 적으면서 친밀성이 강화되는 '느슨하지만 친밀한 가족 시나리오'로 나타났다. 그리고 이러한 시나리오의 구현을 위해 사회보장영역의 소득보장 정책, 자녀 및 노인 돌봄정책, 가족 다양화를 고려한 가족법 정비 등의 필요성이 강조되었다. ○ 3차년도(2013년) 연구는 '느슨하지만 친밀한 가족' 구현을 위한 핵심 정책영역인 소득보장, 돌봄, 가족법에서 가족변화와 관련한 제도 및 정책을 면밀하게 진단ㆍ분석하고 이들 정책영역들과 가족미래시나리오와의 정합성을 점검하여 미래 여성ㆍ가족정책의 추진방향 및 정책아젠더를 도출해 내었다.

This study presents the vision and paradigm for the policies regarding women and families by selecting the direction of policies and tasks in the major areas including income guarantee, child care, elderly care, and family laws to realize the 2030 future family scenario (a loose but intimate family). Delphi method was utilized as a major research method. To cope with the future family, open and flexible systems were emphasized, which can be changed in many ways according to the relations between the members instead of a closed and fixed system, which focuses on one person or a group oriented system. The research results show that major strategic concepts for the future family include 'freedom from fixed life cycle,' 'cooperation among various social subjects', 'implementation of daily care by informal systems,' 'free from blood ties', etc. These concepts materialized in each policy sector. So 'income guarantee' means 'minimizing the family burden', 'child care' means 'implementation of organic care environment,' elderly care means 'the realization of social care' and 'family laws' mean 'free from blood-tie oriented family structure.' Therefore, the concepts of policy paradigm for the future family include 'flexibility,' 'organic traits,' and 'accessibility.' Flexibility means a flexible policy design that copes with the changes and circumstances of family relations instead of specific family type supports. 'Organic traits' means that the policies are supposed to be connected mutually by focusing on family perspective and not on providers' fragmented perspectives. 'Accessibility' means the implementation of policies in terms of a small unit (region) that connects the policies and users to increase the effectiveness of organic policy connection and a flexible policy design. This kind of policy paradigm materialized in each sector's policy discussion. Income guarantee: In 2030, the duty of family support will become loose due to the changes in family types. In addition, the types of employment will be diversified, so the people who prepare for old age income with the public pension will decrease gradually. To minimize the family burden, strengthening the social safety network, reducing the burden of child fostering cost for family members, the customized support for each generation of family, and the multi-layered old - age income security system were suggested in sequence. The policies for income guarantee enable people to cope with various risks in their lives and minimize family burden such as the national basic livelihood institution as a social safety network, individual old age income systems including basic pension and public pension, children's allowance that reduces the burden of child fostering, etc. Child care: Child care in 2030 demands the implementation of organic care environment by restructuring the social systems to cope with child care in stable condition in spite of many changes in terms of parent's situations or conditions and developing alternative child care resources. For this purpose, 'daily care guarantee by strengthening the balance between work and life', 'activating local communities for the resocialization of child care', 'constructing a platform to help the role conversion of fathers,' and ' readjusting the projects of the central government and local governments were presented in sequence. Child care policies pursue the social sharing method through active participation and cooperation by various subjects such as the government, corporations, local communities, males, etc. This is the process of reconstructing the daily care of parents by connecting work and life of parents under the value of 'sharing social values and roles' in the parents' perspectives who are the policy users. The restructuring of parents' work area is realized by the promotion of father platform. As a result, it enables them to guarantee the daily care time of parents and equal participation in child care by both