아태지역 양성평등 정책 인프라 강화 사업(Ⅳ)

Strengthening Gender Equality Policy Infrastructure in the Asia-Pacific Region (Ⅳ): Development Consulting based on Knowledge Sharing of Women's Policy

Ⅰ. 서론 1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 ○ UN의 새천년개발목표(Millennium Development Goals, MDGs)에서는 양성평등 및 여성의 권한 강화와 모성보건 증진이 새천년개발목표 중 하나로 명시되어 있음. 또한, MDGs의 달성 기한인 2015년이 다가옴에 따라, 새로운 지속가능개발목표(Sustainable Development Goals, SDGs)에 대한 논의가 진행 중이며 성평등 이슈는 지속적으로 다루어지고 있음. ○ OECD에 젠더마커에 따라 구분된 한국의 성평등 원조는 2012년을 기준으로 전체 분야별 원조(total sector-allocable aid)의 7%이며, 다른 DAC 국가들에 비해 미미한 수준임. 또한, 2012년 첫 DAC 동료검토에서도 보다 강력한 성 주류화 통합방안 및 가이드라인을 구축하고, 양성평등 분야의 양적 비중확대가 필요하다는 점을 권고 받은 바 있음. 이러한 맥락에서, 한국의 양성평등 분야 ODA의 확대라는 정책수요에 부응할 필요가 있음. ○ 2011년도부터 시작된 본 다차년도 ODA 연구사업은 한국의 양성평등 분야 개발협력 접근의 확대를 위한 하나의 시도로서, 아태지역 개발도상국의 양성평등 제고와 한국 ODA의 선진화를 궁극적인 목표를 바탕으로 함. 그리고 이를 달성하기 위해 여성정책 분야의 제도적 인프라 강화와 이를 위한 한국과 협력국 간 젠더관련 협력사업의 증대를 그 중장기적 목표로 하고 있음.

KWDI has been conducting a multi-year ODA research project since 2011 aimed at establishing political and social infrastructure for gender equality policy in the Asia-Pacific region. During the year 2011-2012, KWDI partnered with Cambodia and Indonesia and carried out various programs including baseline surveys, policy dialogues and capacity building training. From 2013, KWDI expanded the project to include Myanmar and Vietnam as additional partners. The current report is an analysis of KWDI's research results for the past four years from a perspective of development consulting. Development consulting is a means of conducting development assistance which provides policy, institutional and technical consulting, utilizing experts in the fields of economics, social and science. Various programs that KWDI has conducted with partner countries can be framed as development consulting based on knowledge sharing, and this report tries to elucidate this aspect. The report begins with an analysis of the ODA system of the partner countries. It analyzes the general ODA receiving system and procedures, the coordinating mechanism and the ownership status of each partner government. In these countries, ODA is usually handled by finance, planning and foreign affairs ministries, and there is usually a focal point for coordinating foreign assistance. Each country has a coordination mechanism to oversee and adjust incoming development assistance. As for gender ODA, coordination mechanism also existed, although the level of coordination varied according to each country. The next part analyzes the actual needs for achieving gender equality in political, economic and human rights aspects of the partner countries, and South Korea's ODA strategy towards these countries. Across all three fields of politics, economics and human rights, discriminatory culture and tradition has been pointed out as major obstacles in realizing gender equality. This implies that in order to realize gender equality, cultural issues such as social prejudice against women and gender stereotyping needs to be tackled in a proactive way. The lack of implementation of laws that promote women's political participation, economic participation and ending violence against women has been identified as another major problem. South Korea's Country Partnership Strategy for Indonesia, Vietnam and Cambodia includes gender situation but in a cursory level. CPS on Vietnam and Cambodia includes women's rights issues such as discriminatory tradition, domestic violence and human trafficking. These issues are congruent with the findings of this research. This report then introduces, from the perspective of development consulting, the project's main programs-the annual capacity workshop and joint research, The annual training workshop titled Set and Share the Agenda for Gender Equality, SSAGE) has been designed as a participatory program actively reflecting the local needs identified through baseline surveys, expert interviews and policy dialogue. It was also planned to provide networking opportunities for gender policy makers and experts within and among the partner countries. In addition the SSAGE participants identified gender agenda of their own country, which can be reflected in South Korea's gender ODA planning. As a part of the project, joint researches were also conducted with three partner countries with an aim of strengthening local research capacity. These activities can be identified as policy consulting, which is one method of development consulting. The concluding part summarizes the current research from a development consulting perspective and ways to promote South Korea's gender ODA in the Asia-Pacific region. KWDI has created, through this project, a platform for knowledge sharing and development consulting of gender policy. Second, it increased awareness for the necessity of gender policy research. Third, it established network among policy makers within and outsi