취업여성의 직종 및 고용형태에 따른 자녀양육지원정책 연구

A Study on Child-rearing Support Policies in Accordance with Employed Women's Occupation and Employment Type

Ⅰ. 서론 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 우리나라의 자녀양육지원정책은 미래인재 육성, 여성의 경제활동 참가율 제고, 저출산 현상 대응을 목표로 수요자의 요구에 부합하는 맞춤형 정책을 실현하고자 한다. 그러나 우리나라의 자녀양육지원정책은 수요자 요구를 충족시키지 못하여 수요자 만족도가 개선되지 못하는 문제점을 안고 있다. 한편으로 정부의 자녀양육지원정책은 시기별로 때로는 통합적으로, 때로는 부처에 따라 분절적으로 추진되어 왔으며 현재는 부처 간 각각 별도의 정책으로 추진되고 있는데, 일부 정책들에서는 각 정책의 중복 여부가 지적되고 있다. 사회적 자녀양육지원 논의에서 항상 맞벌이 가구 지원 혹은 취업여성지원이 우선적으로 언급되고 있으나 실제 정책이 실행되는 과정에서는 낮 동안 가정에서 자녀양육이 가능한 경우와 맞벌이 가구 등 낮 동안 가정 내 양육이 불가능한 경우 각 상황에 따라 이용할 수 있는 정책환경의 차별성이 미흡하여 정책의 효율성이 떨어지고 있다. 이상의 연구배경에 따라 본 연구는 취업여성을 위한 자녀양육지원정책의 효율화 및 정책의 실효성 증진방안을 모색하고자 추진되었다. 우선 취업여성들이 정부가 제시하고 있는 육아를 위한 지원정책들을 어떻게 이용하고 있는지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 나아가 이들이 자녀 돌봄의 어려움을 지원받기 위하여 어떤 추가요구를 갖고 있는지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 또한 연구분석 결과에 근거하여 정부의 맞춤형 자녀양육지원정책 발전을 위한 방안을 제안하고자 하였다. 그간의 자녀양육지원정책에 관한 연구들이 정책 자체에 중점을 두고 연구되었다고 한다면 본 연구는 자녀양육지원정책의 가장 우선적 수요자인 취업여성의 관점에서 자녀양육지원정책들을 바라보고자 한 차별성을 지닌다.

Korea's child-rearing support policies are geared towards fulfilling fostering future talents, improving women's labor force participation and corresponding to the country's low birth rate in order to provide catered policies to meet the demands of people. However Korea's child-rearing support policies are falling short on meeting the needs of people and, there is a criticism on how some of the policies are overlapping with each other. Moreover, when the child-rearing policies are in the discussion stage, providing support for the dual income families and employed women are given more emphasis. Nonetheless during the stages of instituting these policies, the efficacy of the policies are hindered because there is a lack of different policies for employed women and non employed women. Therefore, this study wishes to explore ways of promoting efficient and effective child-rearing support policies for working women. Based on the objective of the study, this study closely looked into Korea's employment status of working women, other countries' cases on child rearing support policies and after school care policies, and Korea's current status on child-rearing support policies and after school caring policies. Moreover, this study conducted a survey across Korea on 5,209 working women with children below 13 years old to investigate on the current status of working women's child-rearing situation, their assessment on government child-rearing support policies, and their need for policy support. And in order to investigate the current status of working women's use of child-rearing support institutions and after school care program, we have conducted a survey on 1,000 facilitators from the child-rearing support institutions and 973 after school care institution facilitators. Moreover, in order to supplement the survey above, this study also conducted an in-depth interview with 32 employed women with infants, toddlers and Elementary School children, 25 heads of child-care centers, and 23 after school care facilitators. Throughout the process of the research, this study identified Korea's major child-rearing support policies and they are: child-care policies, infant education policies, after school or Elementary School care policies, caregiver policies and more. However the current child-rearing support policies in Korea are criticized for being less catering to working women. It seems that instead of how child-rearing support services should be catered to the working women, working women have to find the appropriate services to utilize them. Moreover, working women's need for child rearing support system happens mostly after hour but after hour services are excluded from the public funding hence, these working women have to pay for the services on their own. And, when these working women's needs are not met through the child-rearing support services, they have to resort to giving up on their career. With these findings, this study estimated the number of working women's children in order to figure out the number of target population (infants, toddlers, and Elementary School children) to be covered under the child-rearing policy. And based on this data, the study derived appropriate child-rearing support services for working women's children according to their age group by infant and toddler care and after school care Below are the policy directions for infant and toddler care, First, there is a need for differentiating child-rearing support policies for working women and non-working women. Second, there is a need for comprehensive support and management for providing enough funding to reduce the cost for the working women who are seeking out on child care centers, care givers and when utilizing these resources. Third, there is a need for providing child-care support for the blind spot time between 3pm to 8pm Fourth, For the purpose of care policy, active use of parental leave, child rearing allowance, caregiver policies a