3~5세기 호서지역 철정(鐵鋌)의 전개와 지역성

The deployment of Iron Ingots at Hoseo region in 3~5 centuries and its meaning

본고는 호서지역에서 최근 출토사례가 증가하고 있는 철정(鐵鋌)에 대한 연구를 통하여 백제권역에서 확인된 철정의 전개와 그 지역성을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구는 개별유적에서 확인된 철정을 중심으로 형태분석과 지역별 분포특성을 파악하는 것을 기초로 하였다. 분석결과 철정은 크기변화와 신부ㆍ광폭단부ㆍ협폭단부의 형태변화에서 시간성이 파악되며,충남서북부권과 금강하류권의 철정은 서로 다른 전개과정을 갖는 것을 알 수 있었다. 충남서북부권의 철정은 초대형의 철정부터 소형의 철정까지 크기와 형태 면에서 계기적인 변화가 보인다. 또한 철정을 관(곽)의 모서리에 세워서 부장하는 사례가 확인되며, 대부분의 철정이 피장자의 머리 부분에 부장된다는 특징도 있다. 금강유역권은 중류권과 하류권으로 권역 구분을 할 수 있는데, 금강하류권의 철정은 무덤의 중앙부나 발치에 부장되는 비율이 높으며, 다른 지역의 철정에 비하여 그 두께가 매우 두껍다는 특징이 있다. 호서지역에서 전형적인 철정이 등장하는 시기는 3세기 후반을 전후한 시점으로, 이는 한반도 전역에 걸쳐 거의 동시기에 일어나는 것으로 판단된다. 이후 철정의 전개는 지역권 별로 각각 특성에 따라 전개되나 6세기를 전후한 시점에 들어서면서 호서지역의 철정은 그 존재가 확인되지 않는다. 이는 철기가 국가의 중요 산물인 점을 고려할 때 백제 중앙과의 관계에서 이해되어야 할 것으로 추론된다.

This paper has been written to investigate the deployment of Iron Ingots identified in the regions of Baekje and its meaning through the study on iron ingots of which the excavation cases is recently increasing in the Hosea region. In this study, focused on iron ingots identified in the individual ruins, their forms were analysed and geographic distribution characteristics were studied. According to the results of the analysis it was found that iron ingots showed changes in size and forms of body prat and narrow end part, and were divided into Chungnam northwestern region type and Geungang river basin type. It could be confirmed that the iron ingots identified in Chungnam northwestern region showed instrumental changes ranging from the supersized one to the small one and the characteristic that the most of them were buried beside the head part putting them in the upright position at the corner of coffin(case). Geungang river basin type can be divided into the midstream region type and the downstream region type. The iron ingots in the Geungang river downstream region shows the characteristics that their burials at the central part of the grace or beside the feet are proportionally high, and their thickness is very large in comparison the iron ingots in other regions. It could be known that the period of the typical ingots’ appearing in Hoseo region was the second half of the third century, which was also similar in Yeongnam region or in the Honam region. However, ita is judged that in the contrary to this appearance of iron ingot around the Korean peninsular almost at the same time, the deployment of the iron ingots afterwards was different by the regions. Just the existence of iron ingots of Hoseo region was not confirmed coming into the period before and after the 6th century, which is supposed that it should be understood in the relation with central power of the Baekje, considering that the iron instrument were the important products of the country. Further it could be known that the uses of the iron ingots were not restricted to only one. The original use of iron ingots has been as the intermediate material, but, due to this character of intermediate material they also had been used as the currency for barter exchange. And it is supposed that the symbolistic character of bixie had appeared due to the own character of the iron together with the value as the currency.