城東洞 殿廊址의 성격에 대한 再照明

A Reillumination about the characteristics of the Historical Site "Sungdong-dong Jeolrangji"

경주시 성동동에는 사적 제88호로 지정되어 있는 ‘성동동전랑지’라는 유적이 있다. 1937년 일본인 사이토오 타다시가 기초 발굴을 한 이래 문화재로 지정․보호받아 왔는데, 1993년 이전까지는 추가 발굴조사도 유적의 성격을 밝혀줄 연구도 진행되지 않았다. 발굴책임자인 사이토오만이 1973년과 1978년에 각각 저서를 출간하면서 재록하거나 재론하였을 뿐이다. 그러던 중 1993년에 이 유적지 서편에 도로개설계획을 마련하는 과정에서 그 전제 조건으로 발굴조사가 진행되었다. 국립경주문화재연구소의 9개월에 걸친 조사는 이 유적에 대한 최초의 본격적 발굴조사이어서, 1937년 기초 발굴의 내용을 크게 보완할 수 있는 계기가 되었다. 1937년에 확인된 유적지 규모는 동서 180m, 남북 100m였는데, 1993년에 그 서편에 동서 45m, 남북 130m 규모의 터를 더 발굴, 새롭게 유구를 확인함으로써 유적의 범위는 사방으로 더 확대될 수 있다는 사실을 깨닫게 되었다. 나아가 전체 유구의 평면이 5개의 중정을 동서로 병렬한 좌우대칭적 형식이며, 3칸×3칸 평면의 정사각형 건물지가 그 한 복판에 배치되어 있다는 사실이 새삼 확인되었다. 중정을 남북으로 병치시켜 구성하는 것이 동아시아 궁궐 건축의 전통적 속성이라면, 그 중심에 높은 토단을 쌓고 세운 정방형 건물의 구실은 과연 무엇이었을까. 만일 이 건물지의 성격을 알 수 있다면 유적 전체의 성격 구명에 한 걸음 다가설 수 있을 것이다. 이 논고는 그러한 문제를 다루었다.

In this essay, I study about a historic site named "Sungdongdong Jeolrangji(城東洞殿廊址)" in Gyeongju protected as Historic Site 88 under the name of "Old Building Site in Seongdong-dong, Gyeongju." by the law of the Government of Korea. In 1937 when the maintenance work of the bank of Bukcheon was done, the vestiges of a dirt platform was found, which made historians guess that a temple stood there long ago. A Japanese excavator "Saito Tadashi(齋藤 忠)" excavated this site in part and wrote a brief report. As a result of first excavation, the site of six halls, the site of six long corridors, the site of two doors and the site of three fences were found and besides site of two draining facilities made of earth and tile and site of one well were ascertained. The excavated relics were tiles and bowls. Judging from the relics and the site of building it seemed to had been a government office or the mansion of the noble of the Unified Silla Era. After excavation this site soon has designated as a 'historic site' by the Japanese Government-General of Korea. No one went through additional excavation, moreover no studies and no researches were carried out untill 1993. Only one man 'Saito Tadashi' just written about this site in his book that is recorded and republished. In 1993, the additional excavation had started, as a reason of pre-inspection before establishing the road in the west side of put royal courts at. The research that led by Gyeongju National Research Institute Of Cultural Heritage(國立慶州文化財硏究所) was a great opportunity to supplement the previous research since it was the first genuine excavation. According to the excavation in 1937, the scale of this site was 180m from east and west, 100m from south and north. In 1993, the researchers discovered more space, 45m from east and north and 130m from south and north. This investigation has shown that the whole scale of the historical site could be expanded dramatically. Moreover, the whole plan is composed of 5 longitudinal courts with bilateral symmetry and there is a 3×3 building called 'Myung-dang' at the center of the layout, As a rule the traditional plan of East-Asian palaces was to put royal courts at north-south direction axis around the central main hall. And now in "Sungdongdong Jeolrangji" what was the square building that was placed at the center of cenrral court? If we can figure out what was the square building for, we can easily get close to figure out the characteristics of the "Sungdongdong Jeolrangji." I asserted that this site is the Royal Palace of Unified Silla Period and the central square building seemd to be "Ming T'ang(明堂)." And yet I can not mention how Ming T'ang actually administered and managed in Unified Silla Era because of lack of documents.