중세 이슬람 세계에서의 이성과 계시 논쟁

Debates on Reason and Revelation in the Medieval Islamic World

This paper aims to review and analyze the debates on relations between reason and revelation, or philosophy and religion that reformist rationalists and conservative traditionalists conducted in the Medieval Muslim world. During the Abbasid Caliphate (750-1258), Muslim scholars began to absorb advanced knowledge of ancient Greek science, such as astronomy, mathematics, and medicine. This knowledge was well received in the Islamic societies, for it was not only useful but also value-neutral in terms of religion. The philosophers, however, raised questions, for in some ways Greek philosophical methods and arguments seemed difficult to reconcile with the basic teachings of Islam. This led eventually to fierce debates between rationalists and traditionalists. These scholars can be classified into the following four groups: eclectic rationalists, extreme rationalists, eclectic traditionalists, and extreme rationalists.