알-마와르디의 ｢알-아흐캄｣에 나타난 칼리파제론 연구

A Study on the Institution of Caliphate in Māwardī’s Al-Aḥkām al-Sulṭāniyya

This paper reviews Al-Aḥkām al-Sulṭāniyya that Māwardī wrote about the Imamate in the 11th century. Most of the political Islam groups, including IS (Islamic State), have attempted to build a Caliphate(Imamate), that is, an Islamic state. We need to understand what a Caliphate (Imamate) is, that Islamic political philosophers and political Islamic groups have desired to set up for a long time. Māwardī wrote Al-Aḥkām al-Sulṭāniyya in the 11th century when the Abbasid Caliphs’political and religious authority was completely lost. He wanted to restore an Imamate political and religious system. He explains a method of succession in which an Imam can be appointed by his predecessor or be elected by the election council composed of 1 - 6 electors. Māwardī adduced several methods of appointment and election in Al-Aḥkām al-Sulṭāniyya. The Imamate that Mawardi finally proposed was a kind of‘Divine Right of Imamate,’ and it was a theocracy. I think that IS’s Caliphate will be an Islamic theocracy. This means that the state characteristic of IS’s Caliphate is Islamic, in other words, an Islamization of the state.