가정의 음악적 분위기와 부모의 양육신념이 유아의 음악적 창의성 발달에 미치는 영향

The influence of musical atmosphere children's families and parental child-rearing beliefs on the development of children's musical creativity

이 연구는 가정의 음악적 분위기와 부모의 양육신념이 유아의 음악적 창의성 발달에 미치는 영향을 탐색하고자 만4․5세 유아 대상의 음악적 창의성 검사와 그들의 부모 102명을 대상으로 양육신념과 음악적 분위기에 대한 질문지 조사를 실시하였다. 연구도구는 이소희(1998)의 연구에서 사용된 가정의 음악적 환경 질문지를 본 연구에 맞게 수정․보완하여 사용하였고, 김수연(2003)이 번안한 Okagaki와 Sternbreg(1993)의 자녀 양육 신념 척도(Child-Rearing Beliefs Scales) 중 자율성과 관련된 하위척도를 사용하였다. 음악적 창의성 측정은 Wang(1985)의 MCSM을 사용하였다. 연구결과 가정의 음악적 분위기가 좋을수록 유아의 음악적 상상력이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 어머니의 양육신념은 유아의 음악적 창의성 발달에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났으나, 아버지 양육신념은 유아의 음악적 창의성 발달에 부적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 아버지가 문제해결 기술의 발달을 중요하다고 생각할수록 유아의 음악적 유창성과 독창성 수준이 낮았고, 창의적 기술 발달이 중요하다고 생각할수록 유아의 음악적 유창성 수준은 낮았다. 그리고 일상적 기술 발달을 중요하게 생각할수록 음악적 상상력 수준 또한 낮은 것으로 나타났다.

This study tested the musical creativity of 4 and 5 year olds and surveyed 102 of their parents on their parental child-rearing beliefs and musical atmosphere children's families to investigate the influence of parental child-rearing beliefs and musical atmosphere children's families on the development of the children's musical creativity. This study was carried out using the following 3 instruments: Forst, for musical environment of the children's families, Family Musical Environment Questionnaire, utilized in the Lee (1998)'s study, which was revised and modified to be used for this study: For parental child-rearing beliefs in autonomy development of the children, Child-Rearing Beliefs Scales, which was originally development by Okagaki and Sternbreg(1993) and translated into Korean by Kim(2003), was used in this study. In particular, among the Child-Rearing Beliefs Scales, this study used only the sub-scales related to autonomy development of the children: Finally, for musical creativity of the children, this study used the Measures of creativity in Sound and Music(MCSM) development by Wang(1985). The data collected were analyzed with the Pearson correlation coefficient to identify the relationships between variables. The results of the study were as follows: First, it appeared that the better musical atmosphere children's families had, the higher level of musical imagination the children showed. Second, whereas mother's child-rearing beliefs appeared not to show any differences in children's musical creativity, father's child-rearing beliefs showed adverse correlation with children's musical creativity. In other words, the higher the degree to which fathers thought that the development of problem-solving skills in children was of importance, the lower musical elaboration and creativity the children showed. Moreover, as the fathers thought that development of creative skills in children was important, the children's musical elaboration was likely to be low. Furthermore, the more fathers thought that the development of ordinary skills in children was of importance, the lower musical imagination the children showed.