20세기 초 카자흐 소설에 나타난 주체적 여성상 연구

A Study on Female Independence of in Kazakh Literature in Early 20th Century

This thesis aims at studying aspects of female independence of in Kazakh literature of the beginning of the 20th. For this purpose the thesis dealt with two subjects. The one is an overview about the situation of Kazakh women, which includes Kazakh women's role throughout history of Kazakhstan in the beginning of the 20th. Writers and other intellectuals favored the emancipation of women around the early 1900s to adapt to fast-changing period. They believed that their prose can predispose breaking down the old family system. This is supposed to be a necessary research for furthering more studies on related fields. The other subject is concentrated on the analysis of 『Bakytsyz Zhamal』 by M. Dulatov, 『Aisha』 by S. Seifullin, 『Akbilek』 by Z. Aimauytov. M. Dulatov published in 1910 the book 『Bakhytsyz Zhamal』 (Unfortunate Zhamal) which is the first novel written in the Kazakh language, and also probably the first work of art in the Muslim East, devoted to a problem of unequal position of the woman in society of that time. The novel describes the life of the oppressed Kazakh women to be sold as a thing for a bride-price. Theme of 『Aisha』 by S. Seifullin is same too. The novel describes the tough life of the oppressed Kazakh women. She finally runs away from old customs and wins freedom. 『Akbilek』 by Z. Aimauytov describes renovation of Kazakh village during social revolution based on example of one girl's destiny. Through the fate of the heroine of the novel Aimauytov showed the tragedy of the Kazakh women, is its obedience, humility, meekness, crushed by the inexorable march of history and violent upheavals. But after being educated in city, she becomes educated woman and break through old customs. In the end, she takes back happiness. The Kazakh intellectuals such as M. Dulatov, S. Seifullin, Z. Aimauytov at the beginning of the 20th century were aiming the modernization of the Kazakh people and creating a place for them among the civilized nations of the world. The writers saw the society should not demand unreasonable obedience of women and that men should show respect for women's role to support human society. They wanted to be realized female independence and equality in Kazakh society at that time. The three novels are a clear manifestation of the early 20th century environment and mirror the process of change which heroines' self has undergone under the given circumstances in their life.