法院收集调查证据制度探析

The Study on the System of Court's Investigating and Collecting Evidences

The court investigating and collecting evidences by authority is one of the universal system in country of continental law. The civil procedure law about court investigating and collecting evidences has experienced from the comprehensive and objective investigating and collecting evidences to the evidences which the parties and their agents can not investigate and collect by theirselves, or the evidences which the people's court shall investigate and collect according to the needs of the case. From the legislation, the investigation of court by authority is limited, which reflects the changes in the concept of the rule of law. How do construct the reasonable system between the judge neutrality and investigating evidences by authority? Through comparison and reference, This paper argues that the civil procedure law should stipulate the court as the main body of investigating evidences and non-collection of evidences, and establish "the separation system of mediation and trial", strictly regulate the witness appearing in court. 法院依职权调查证据，是大陆法系以及源于大陆法系国家普遍通行的一种制度。中国大陆民事诉讼法关于法院依职权收集和调查证据，经历了从全面地、客观地收集和调查证据，到当事人及其代理人因客观原因不能自行收集的证据，或者人民法院认为审理案件需要的证据，人民法院应当调查收集。从立法规定看，法院的职权调查受到了限制，同时反映了法治观念的变化。如何在确保法官中立和依职权调查证据中，架构合理的制度，通过比较和。鉴，本文认为中国大陆民事诉讼法应当明确规定法院是调查证据的主体，而非收集证据的主体，并确立"调审分离"制度，严格规范证人出庭，从而保障司法公正和提高审判效率。