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Jesus' Proclamation of the Kingdom of God -An Exegetical Study of Mark 1:14-15-

God is the origin of the Gospel that Jesus preached (Mark 1:14). It is because God proclaimed that Jesus is the Messiah (Mark 1:11). The appearance of the Messiah, who was expected to proclaim the salvific rule of God, implies that the Kingdom of God has come near. Since gospel means news of victory in war or of liberation from slavery, the Gospel that Jesus proclaimed may refer to the news of Jesus victory over Satan and of his liberation of the captives from Satan s rule. Most scholars interpret 'the time is fulfilled' (πϵπλη-ρωται ὀ καιρòς) of Mark 1:15 as meaning an "appointed time has arrived." The word καιρο-ς, however, has also been used to refer to a span of time. Furthermore, when the verb πληρο-ω takes a time-referring word as its subject, it usually signifies that a span of time has ended. On the basis of such usages, 'the time is fulfilled' can be interpreted as "the span of time has ended." Since this message is introduced as 'good news,' the span of time is probably a negative period. As in Mark 16:14 of codex W and 4Q215a Frag.1 2:4-6, the period may refer to the age of evil when Satan has power over people. The LXX Lamentation 4:18-19 shows that 'fulfill' (πληρo-ω) can refer to a point when a period has not yet fully ended. Likewise, in Mark 1:15 this word can also refer to a point when Satan was already defeated but still resists. What does the Kingdom of God has come near (ἤγγικϵν ἠ βασιλϵι-ατοū θϵοū) of Mark 1:15 mean? In the light of the usage of the Kingdom of God in the Psalm of Solomon 17:3, we may know that the Kingdom of God signifies the power of God. In Mark 1:15, this expression is in parallel with kairo,j which may denote the span of time when Satan rules over people. Accordingly, in such literary context, the Kingdom of God seems to refer to the new era when God rules. Jesus proclaimed that such a period 'has come near' (ἤγγικϵν). On the basis of its usage, ἤγγικϵν may be interpreted to signify the point of time which "has already come near" but "has not yet arrived." Jesus demanded repentance and faith as proper responses to the Gospel (Mark 1:15). In Mark 1:4-5, 'repentance' (μϵτα-νοτα, μϵτανοϵ-ω) refers to the confession of sins. Likewise, in Mark 1:15, the word is likely to denote the confession of sins committed under Satan' s regime. As in Romans 10:16 where 'faith' (πιστϵυ-ω, πι-στς) means obedience, Mark' s use of 'faith' also conveys the concept of working belief (Mark 2:5; 10:52). Therefore, faith in Mark 1:15 seems to signify not only the epistemological conviction that the time of God s dominion has come near but also a working response to the message.