중국 몽골족의 국가급 무형문화유산에 관한 고찰

Study on State-level Intangible Cultural Heritage of China Mongol Ethnic Minority

The Proclamation of Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity was made by the director-general of UNESCO starting in 2001. Until 2005, a total of 90 Masterpieces from 70 countries had been proclaimed. UNESCO established the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2008, and it superseded the Proclamation program. Until 2014, China, Japan, Korea and Mongolia each ranked 1th-4th respectively in the total of Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, which occupied the 26.5 percent. In this paper I analyzed the State-level Intangible Cultural Heritage of China Mongol ethnic minority. First, I abstracted intangible cultural heritages of China Mongol ethnic minority among all the State-level Intangible Cultural Heritages chosen in China from 2006 to 2011. China Mongolian intangible cultural heritage ranked second among 55 Chinese minorities, while Mongol ethnic minority ranked ninth according to the China 2010 Census. I think that the Chinese government has the intention to gain an upper hand in the “culture wars” of the future, assigning more intangible cultural heritages of cross-border ethnic minorities, especially such as Mongolian, Tibetan, Korean Chinese, Uighurs, etc. Second, I analyzed the contents of China Mongolian intangible cultural heritages. I could find the several Mongolian cultural features such as nomadism, the worship of Chinggis Khan, shamanism, oral culture, etc. I would like to point out that the large number of Mongolian intangible cultural heritages revealed cultural exchange and acculturation, and this showed the Chinese government’s attempt to unite multi-ethnic minorities in China through State-level Intangible Cultural Heritage Project. Third, Mongolian live in Inner Mongolia, Jilin province, Liaoning province, Qinghai province, Xinjiang autonomous region, etc in China. I am sure that the Chinese government considered Mongolian geographic distribution, and chose the regions of intangible cultural heritage. I maintain that State-level Intangible Cultural Heritage Project was aimed to achieve social unity through “culture”.