노인요양시설 요양보호사의 심리사회적 건강에 영향을 미치는 직무스트레스원

Influential Job Stressors for the Sociopsyshological Health of Care Workers in Nursing Homes

본 연구의 목적은 노인요양시설 요양보호사의 직무스트레스원이 심리사회적 건강에 어떤 영향을 미치고 있는지를 살펴보고, 요양보호사의 직무스트레스를 예방 또는 경감할 수 있는 방안을 제시하는 것이다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연령, 배우자유무, 학력, 근무형태, 자격유형, 급여만족도, 총 근무기간 등에서 개인특성에 따라 직무스트레스 정도가 심한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 요양보호사의 심리사회적 건강은 연령, 배우자유무, 종교유무, 학력, 자격유형 등에서 집단 간 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 요양보호사의 직무스트레스원이 심리사회적 건강에 미치는 영향을 심리사회적 건강 전체로 분석한 결과, 연령이 38세 이상인 경우, 요양보호사 자격만을 가진 경우, 전문직욕구가 충족된 경우에 그리고 클라이언트의 문제행동이 없을 때 심리사회적 건강이 양호한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또한 심리사회적 건강을 하위요인별로 살펴보았을 때 우선 일반적 건강에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 연령과 전문직욕구 미충족요인이, 항우울에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 전문직욕구 미충족, 클라이언트의 문제, 직무융통성 부족이 유의미하게 나타났다. 끝으로 자기효능감에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 자격유형과 전문직욕구 미충족이 유의미하게 나타났다.

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of the job stressors of care workers in nursing homes on their sociopsychological health and to seek ways of preventing or relieving their job stress. The findings of the study were as follows: First, the care workers were under heavy job stress, and that was affected by their personal characteristics involving age, presence or absence of spouses, academic credential, the type of certification, satisfaction with pay and the term of service. Second, there were significant intergroup gaps among the care workers in sociopsychological health according to age, presence or absence of spouses, being religious or not, academic credential and the type of certification. Third, how the job stressors of the care workers impacted on their overall sociopsychological health was analyzed, and it's found that those who were aged 38 and over, who were certified as care workers only, whose needs as professionals were satisfied and whose clients showed no problem behaviors were in good sociopsychological health. As for the impact of the job stressors on each subfactor of sociopsychological health, general health was affected by age and unsatisfied needs as professionals, and antidepression was under the significant influence of unsatisfied needs as professionals, client problems and poor job flexibility. Finally, the factors that had a significant impact on self-competence were the type of certification and unsatisfied needs as professionals.