1960년대 터키 사회주의운동의 성격

The Characteristics of the Socialist Movement of Turkey in the 1960s

The history of socialism in Turkish context can be extended back to the turn of the 19th century. Despite that, socialist organizations and their demands became publicly visible after the 1908 Young Turk Revolution. The first Ottoman socialist organization, the Socialist Workers' Federation of Salonika, was established in 1909. The other important Ottoman socialist organization, the Ottoman Socialist Party, was established in 1910. After the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in the First World War, communist ideology began to disseminate in Turkey. As a result, we can find a few similar organizations in Istanbul and Ankara at that time. After the Kemalist Revolution, the socialist movements in the early Republican period experienced heavy defeats and state oppression until the military coup of 27 May 1960. After the military intervention of 27 May 1960, socialism appeared as one of the major ideological and political currents of thought and attracted many people. One of the most interesting developments was the growth of radical left groups. The third way strategy was strongly echoed in the ranks of socialists of Turkey in the 1960s. Despite the differences and divisions between the main factions of the Turkish left at that time, the Yön group, the National Democratic Revolutionary Movement and the Worker's Party of Turkey, were, in one way or another, under the hegemony of the Third Worldist orthodoxy of the post-Second World War period. They were in favor of anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism. They all conceptualized their understanding of national liberation as a continuation and complement of the first national liberation war of 1919-1922 led by Mustafa Kemal.