한국어 ‘밥’과 체코어 ‘chléb’의 비유 표현 연구

A Comparative Study of ‘Food’ Related Expressions in Korean and Czech

'밥'과 '빵'은 인가의 주식으로 언어와 문화 관련 연구에서 중요한 지점을 차지하지만 관련된 언어학적 연구는 적은 편이다. 이 글에서는 한국의 주식인'밥'과 체코의 주식인 빵(chléb)의 비유 표현이 어휘, 문화적으로 어떤 공통점과 차이점을 지니고 있는지를 살펴보고자 한다. 음식에 대한 연구는 한국어와 체코어의 언어와 문화를 이해하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다. 또한 이러한 개별적 연구들의 성과가 모이면 인간의 음식 관련 표현이 어떻게 구조화되는지를 살펴보는 데도 실마리를 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

This paper inquiries into the similarities and differences of ‘food’ related expressions in Korean and Czech. Both bap in Korean and chléb in Czech transcend their literal meaning and designate important cultural elements such as provisions, life, means of livelihood etc. The aim of the contrastive linguistic research is to assist a Czech learner of Korean as well as a Korean language instructor to understand meaning of vocabulary cultural differences. At first, this research classifies expressions Czech equivalents of Korean bap into four groups: 1) same form, same meaning, 2) same form, different meaning, 3) different form, same meaning, 4) different form, different meaning. Through the ‘same form, same meaning’ and ‘different form, same meaning’ groups one can learn expressions designating similar concepts. As Korean and Czech are two distant languages, it is apparent that the ‘same form, same meaning’ group is relatively small and these expressions are quite easy to understand for both Koreans and Czechs while the dissimilarity of the ‘different form, same meaning’ may be an interesting aspect for the learner. The second part of the research focuses on expressions that combine and accent different semantic aspects. While in Korean, job or means of livelihood are represented by composited terms such as bapgeureut or bapjul, in Czech these concepts are represented by expressions such as jistý chléb or přijít o chleba. Comprehension of such differences may clarify understanding of rules of both languages.