1955년 반둥회의가 유엔체제와 국제법질서에 미친 영향

Implications of 1955 Bandung Conference on UN System and International Legal Order

Sixty years have passed since April 1955 when the heads of State from 29 countries of Asia and Africa gathered in Bandung, Indonesia, for the Asian-African Conference. It was the first international conference held solely by Asian and African States, without the Western powers. Sharing the common experience of colonialism and anti-colonialism, these States aimed to resist imperialism and all forms of colonialism through this conference. As mostly newly independent States, they also tried to emphasize the importance of unity and solidarity among themselves to secure political, diplomatic and military independence from both the Eastern and Western Bloc during the Cold War. Above all, it was the first occasion on which they considered problems of common interest and concern to countries of Asia and Africa and discussed ways and means by which their people could achieve fuller economic, cultural and political co-operation. Although the holding of a second conference was derailed due to the deterioration of the relationship between India, Indonesia and the People’s Republic of China, the spirit of the Bandung Conference provided momentum for the solidarity of the Third World within the international community, and proved an important catalyst for the emergence of the Non-Alignment Movement (NAM). Main principles adopted by the Bandung Conference such as political independence through peaceful coexistence and support for national liberation movements became the precondition for membership in the NAM and the foundation for the formation of a worldwide non-alignment reaching beyond the regional confines of Asia and Africa. For such reasons, research concerning the Bandung Conference has been mainly conducted from the angle of diplomatic history within the context of research of the NAM. Going, then, beyond its role as a milestone in the formation of the NAM, what has been the direct influence of the Bandung Conference on the UN system and the international legal order? And further, in juxtaposition to the meaning of this legacy based on the Sprit of Bandung as an abstract notion, what is the significance of the Bandung Conference in respect of the expansion of the international legal community and the development of international law? Through analysis of the content of the Conference’s final communiqué, this article aims to examine the significance of the Bandung Conference from an international legal point of view. In so doing it emphasizes the influence of the Conference on the expansion of the universal order of the international community through acceptance of the principles embodied in the UN Charter.