조우규범과 개인 공간 유지성향이 혼잡지각에 미치는 영향

The Study on the Encounter Norm and Personal Space's Influence on Perceived Crowding Focused on the Visitors in Cheonggyecheon

본 연구는 청계천 산책로의 평균 너비는 1.5～2m로 협소한 반면 평균 300m 간격으로 설치된 진출입로는 접근성을 향상시켜 공간적 밀도를 증가시키고, 산책로 이용객의 보행행태는 사회적 밀도를 증가시켜 혼잡이 지각될 것으로 가정하였다. 비록 혼잡이 지각된다 하더라도 청계천은 공유해야 할 공공재라는 사회적 인식과 무료입장으로 인한 대응행동은 다른 방문객들로부터 일정거리를 유지하고자 하는 개인 공간 개념으로 접근하였다. 밀도와 혼잡, 그리고 개인 공간에 대한 선행연구를 검토한 후 3개 연구 과제를 제시하였고 측정변수는 연구자와 전문가의 토의를 거쳐 탐색적으로 개발ㆍ적용되었다. 일반적 보행흐름의 역방향으로부터 접근해 오는 방문객과의 조우상황에서 혼잡지각은 부정적이었으며 여성의 혼잡지각은 역방향 조우유형에서 보다 부정적이었다. 여성은 후방으로부터 접근해 오는 다른 방문객으로부터 일정거리를 유지하기 위해 발걸음을 재촉하는 개인 공간 유지행동이 남성보다 높게 나타났다.

Most research on perceived crowding has focused exclusively on "backcountry" situations, i.e., outdoor recreation areas such as national parks, wilderness, rivers, lakes, etc. In addition, relevant theories on perceived crowding have been limited to either social carrying capacity or norm. Therefore, no new theory adequate for perceived crowding in "frontcountry" areas has been proposed yet. The aim of this study is to investigate how both encounter norm and personal space influence perceived crowding of visitors in Cheonggyecheon. The literature review on density and crowding in the tourism and leisure d\discipline and about proxemics and personal space in anthropology and psychology was carried out. Based on the literature review, three research questions were proposed, and tentative measurement scales were developed. The validity and reliability of the scale for encounter norm were confirmed by an exploratory factor analysis, which considered the factor of 'perceived crowding in cross-encounters'. To female respondents, perceived crowding was perceived as very negative when approached by on-coming visitors from the opposite direction. In addition, female respondents felt the need to distance themselves from other visitors approaching from behind. This exploratory study extends crowding-related research usually limited to the area of cultural anthropology, which is rarely used in studies of tourism,.into tourism/leisure discipline.