17~18세기 몽골전통의학 교육기관 만바다창 연구

A Study on Manba Datsan as the Educational Institution of Mongolian Traditional Medicine in 17~18C

본고는17~18세기몽골 불교사원에설치되었던전통의학교육기관인 만바다창의설립배경과 교육제도의 특징을 밝히는 데에 목적을 두었다. 몽골의 만바다창은 전문적인 의학교육을 통해 醫僧배출과 의학 연구, 진료를 함께 담당하였던 당시 몽골의 종합 의료 기관이었다. 본고에서는몽골만바다창의설립배경과의의를밝히고, 몽골의의승들이만바다창의교육을 체계화시키기위해 저술하였던몽의서들을참고서와교재, 지침서로분류하여설명하였다. 또한 6~7세부터20여 년 이상 지속되는만바다창의 전문의학 학습제도와 학승들의 출신 배경, 시험 및 학위 수여제도를 논의하였다. 몽골에는17~18세기불교사원을통해티베트의학이유입되었으며, 몽골인들은그의학체계에 몽골의 민간요법과 약재들을 적용하여 몽골인들에게 적합한 치료법으로 발전시켰다. 몽골만바다창의 교육제도 또한 티베트와 변별성이 있음을 본고의 논의를 통하여 확인하였다. 국내에 소개되지 않은 몽골전통의학에 대한 사적 소개를 시도하였다는 점에서 본 연구의 의의를 두고자 한다. 몽골의 전통의료교육기관이었던 만바다창의 교육제도를 살펴보는 작업은, 당시 몽골의 醫學史뿐만 아니라 몽골 불교사원이 가지던 기능, 몽골 전통교육제도의 단면을 고찰할 수 있다는 점에서 그 가치를 찾을 수 있다.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the establishment & the background and an educational-system characteristic of Manba Datsan as the educational institution of the traditional medicine that had been installed in the Mongolian Buddhist temples in 17~18C. Manba Datsan in Mongol had been a specialized medical institution in Mongol at that time, which had been in charge of producing medical Buddhist monks, of researching into medicine, and of medical treatment through the specialized medicine education. This study examined the background of establishing the Mongolian Manba Datsan and described Mongolian traditional medicine books, which had been written by Mongol's medical Buddhist monks in order to systematize Manba Datsan's education, by classifying them into reference book, teaching material, and guidebook. Also, it figured out the specialized-medicine learning system in Manba datsan, which is continued for more than about 20 years from the ages of 6~7, the background of origin in scholar monks, and the examination & title award system. The significance of this study aims to be put in a point of having attempted the introduction of the books with a historical fact on the Mongolian traditional medicine, which had not been introduced to the country. A work of examining the educational system of Manba Datsan, which had been the traditional-medicine educational institution in Mongol, can be found its value in being able to consider the function that the Mongolian Buddhist temples had possessed, and the aspect of Mongol's traditional education system, as well as the medical history of Mongol in those days.