일제강점기 羅州潘南面古墳群의 발굴과 야쓰이세이이쓰(谷井濟一)

Naju Bannam-myeon(羅州潘南面) tombs excavation and Yatsui Seiichi(谷井濟一) in the period of Japanese colonial rule

나주 반남면 유적은 일제강점기에 고적조사위원 야쓰이세이이쓰(谷井濟一)가 1917년과 1918년에 걸쳐 대대적으로 발굴조사한 대형옹관 고분군이다. 그리고 발굴보고서에서 이를 ‘왜인의 무덤’으로보고한사실은비교적널리알려져있다. 그러나당초1917년의일반조사대상이아니었던 이 유적이 돌연 특별조사 대상으로 선정한 이유와 전반적인 조사 흐름과 내용, 그리고 보고서가 제출되지 않은 이유 등은 밝혀지지 않았다. 아울러 조사에 참가하지 않았던 우메하라스에지(梅原末治)가 돌연 유물정리에 참가한 배경 등도 명확하지 않다. 이러한 문제점을 직시하여 이 논문에서는 최근 필자가 확보한 야쓰이 자료 와 총독부문서를 분석하여이상의의문을규명해보고자하였다. 그결과1916년에이미총독부기사에서반남면에서옹관고분1기를발굴한사실을확인하였으며이것이특별조사가이루어진배경으로추정하였다. 또한 조사당시의 풍경을 복원하는 것은 물론 반남면 고분에 대한 야쓰이의 집착이 오히려 보고서 발간을 어렵게 한 것으로 파악하였다. 특히 조사자인 야쓰이의 인물상을 살피고 그가 1916년에 개시된 고적조사계획의 기획자임을확인하였다. 끝으로조사에직접 참가하지않았던 교토대학의 우메하라에게 유물 정리를 맡긴 것은 그의 도움으로 보고서를 작성하려는 의도였으나 결국 성공을 보지 못하였다.

The relics of Bannam-myeon in Naju are massive tumuli of large earthenware coffins extensively excavated and surveyed by Yatsui Seiichi(谷井濟一), a survey researcher of historical remains during the Japanese rule, in 1917 and 1918. It is relatively well-known that he reported them as "tombs of Japanese people" in his excavation report. It is, however, not known why the relics, which were not on the general survey list in 1917, were abruptly put on the special survey list and why the reports were not submitted including the overall survey flow and content. In addition, the background is not clear, either, of Umehara Sueji(梅原末治), who did not participate in the survey, being suddenly included on the job of artifacts arrangement. Recognizing those issues, this study set out to solve the questions by analyzing the "materials of Yatsui," which were recently secured by the investigator, and the documents of Government-General. As a result, an architect registered at Government-General excavated a tumulus of earthenware coffin in Bannam-myeon already in 1916, which became the background of the special survey. Furthermore, it was understood that the publication of reports was made difficult by the restoration of landscape at the time of survey and Yatsui's obsession with the tumuli of Bannam-myeon. The study examined the character of Yatsui that did the survey and found that he made the survey plan of historical remains that started in 1916. Finally, he left the job of sorting the artifacts out to Umehara of Kyoto university that did not take first-hand part in the survey because he wanted to draw up a report with his help. His plan did not, however, succeed.