庄子“自觉觉他”思想探析― 兼论儒道分与平的对话

A Discussion on Chuang Tzu’s Thought “Personal Enlightenment and Universal Enlightenment”

儒家重“分”而道家重“平”，这大概可以凝练出两家思想阐扬方式与实践理路的差异。孔子亲亲尊尊的礼仪规制规范了中国千年文明，但同时也明确标识出其中等差式推演的逻辑范式。庄子陆沉游世的齐同之论看似不羁，却以大视阈下的万物齐平论构建起强大内心力量，在阳儒阴法的社会构架中发挥着不可忽视的软性影响力。时至今日，如此“平”与“分”的交织，或许依然能够凭借各自突出的思想特征以及深厚的历史积淀，而为金规则的重塑贡献些许之功，亦未可知。

Confucianism and Taoism both played very important roles in the history ofChina. On the whole, such a trend can be found that when the nation is unitedand the society is stable, Confucianism would prevail and dominate the politicalorientation. However, Taoism would become the mainstream of social ideology andthe main theme of thought together with Buddhism when the nation is in thestate of war and there is social unrest. Therefore, it’s obviously necessary to figureout what the characteristics of the two schools are.Confucianism emphasizes on “Difference”, however “Equality” is an important partof Taoism. The refined two terms probably reflect the difference in expoundingideas and practicing theoretical path between them. Confucian politeness rule“being harmonious then respectful” (亲亲尊尊) standardizes Chinese millenariancivilization. Since the existence of Confucianism, it has great influence on eachdynasty. It, meanwhile, explicitly specifies a class difference between the young andthe old, and between the lower class and the upper class, which is also anequidifferent logic paradigm. On the other side, it appears that Chuang Tzu’s “OnLeveling All Things”(齐物论) is unruly uninhibited. However, the “Equality”philosophy builds strong inner strength in a large context and it also has greatsoft influence on the social framework which is composed of Confucianism on thesurface and legalism beneath the surface.Up to now, the intertexture between “Equality” and “Difference” can probably stillcontribute to the rebuilding of the Golden Rule by means of their distinctivecharacteristic of thought and profound historical accumulation.