아랍 스프링 이후 중동의 신 극단주의 등장에 대한 연구

A Study on the Advent of New Radicalism in the Middle East after the Arab Spring

The purpose of this research is to investigate the background of the advent of new radicalism in the Middle East after the Arab Spring, its current situation, and analyze the historical process of Islamic radicalism. In doing so, it will examine the political radicalism of Kharijites, the religious radicalism between the Mu’tazilites and Hanbalites, the characteristics of al-Qaeda (AQ) and the Islamic State (IS), and new patterns of IS’s radicalism after the Arab Spring. As for the background of the advent of new radicalism, this paper finds that the key words of current new radicalism are takfir, fitna, bid’a, and dar al-salam. They can be explained in particular historical events and people like the Kharijites, Mu’tazilites, and Hanbalites. The central scholars of Islamic radicalism are Ibn Hanbal, Ibn Taymiyya, Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, Rashid Rida, Sayyid Qutb. As for the conflicts between AQ and IS, this research finds that while they are related, they differ regarding the timing of the announcement of the timing of the announcement of the Caliphate, approval of the Shura, and public support. After the Arab Spring, radicalism in the Middle East changed from political to religious. Additionally, sectarianism between Sunni and Shi’a has increased tensions and radical violence in the Middle East. As for the new types of radical jihad, this research found that IS emphasizes economical jihad, cultural jihad, recruiting jihad, and SNS jihad. These various jihads will define the future of new radicalism and ideology of the next generation’s jihad.