남미지역 칠레와 브라질의 공공영역에서 정치부패 원인과 정치개혁 비교 고찰

Comparative Analysis of the Causes of Political Corruption and Political Reforms between Chile and Brazil

This study aims to investigate the reasons and a great structural mechanism of the causes and the origination of political corruption in Latin American politics. This study focuses on the public domains, such as administration, congress and judiciary areas where mainly originate corruption scandals. Especially this argument compare the country cases between Chile and Brazil in South American region with more comparative manners in the dimension of the causes of political corruption and reform process to reduce this problem. Involving with democratic governance, the case of Chile is a good example to reduce political corruption through political reform and its cooperation among political parties. However, for Brazil this needs a long-term period to make more effective reform with political coalition in the level of macro-structure. As analysis variables, accountability and transparency are the important values to build more consolidated democracy in political culture thus, it is possible to develop more democratic governance in Latin American public domains. Even though it is quite difficult to argue and compare the real development of anti-corruption matters both countries, because of the political backgrounds and many different conditions of economic situations and social structures as well, this study could identify and is comparable both country cases in the matter of perception change against political corruption and its great support to political reform in Chile particularly. Brazil currently changes the perception of political corruption and tries to mechanism change through reforms of electoral system and judiciary sanction against corruption scandal. however, this process operates in the micro level, joined with individual institutions without an integrated rules, norms and institution. which means the possibility of democratic governance is delayed without political reforms with the coalition of party members, government and civil society even.