하이데거의 철학과 존재론적 교육

Heidegger's Philosophy and Ontological Education

Marin Heidegger(1889-1976) is German existential philosopher in the twentieth century, but his methods of philosophy is by phenomenology and hermeneutics. Heidegger, although was not a student of Husserl's, was influenced by Husserl's philosophy. He studied Husserl's major works and worked as assistant from 1920-1923 at the University of Freiburg. In this paper, I shall try to analyze and interpret Heidegger's philosophy and ontological education which he reinterprets Plato's famous “allegory of cave” in the Republic. To sum up: 1. The Preliminary Fundamental Analysis of Dasein: Being-in designates a constitution of being of Dasein, and is an existential. Thus, a phenomenological fundamental structure of Dasein is being-in-world, and its existential meaning is care as being. 2. Heidegger's Philosophy of Ontological Education: Through a hermeneutic excavation of Plato's famous “allegory of the cave” in the Republic, Heidegger seeks to look for the most influential understanding of “education” in Western history: Plato's conception of paideia. It is against false interpretation of education in Western history of education that Heidegger advances his conception of real or genuine education(echte Bildung), the essence of paideia. What Bildung expresses is twofold: Bildung means forming in the sense of impressing character that unfolds, but at the same time this forming impresses a character, one education from without(Metaphysical Education) and the other education from within(Ontological Education). Finally, Heidegger suggested the ontological education: education of negative freedom and education of positive freedom. But the real freedom(positive freedom) is attained only in 3 stage in Plato's “allegory of cave” by not instructing, but teaching, because learning culminates in teaching.