Although there is no unified solution for sustainable development, a compact urban spatial structure associated with persuading environmentally friendly urban form and blocking imprudent urban sprawl through inequal and compact inner city development is suggested as one of the important solution. For that, it is necessary for efficient land use. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between land use and urban compactness. For the analysis, this study creates the integrated urban compactness index based on the levels of urban inequality and decentralization for 75 major cities in Korea, and compares it with various land use patterns. The results show that land use patterns are the most important to determine the strength of urban compactness. Specifically, mixed land use has strong relationship with the high compactness. Other land use patterns, such as residential use and industrial use are as well. In the case of spatial structure characteristics, high density with large urban area tends to bring on higher urban compactness. In turn, this can lead low energy consumption due to transportation energy use reduction. This study suggests some policy implications: (1) mixed-use land use with higher residential zoning is necessary, (2) transit-oriented development(TOD) should be suggested, not only to decrease energy consumption, but also to increase urban compactness.