공판중심주의의 이념과 공판절차에서의 구현에 관한 일 고찰

Consideration of Ideology and Practical Tasks in Principle of Court-Oriented Trials and Practice Subjects

공판중심주의는 법원이 기존에 수사기관에서 작성한 각종 수사관계 서류를 일괄적으로 제출받아 이를 토대로 유무죄의 심증을 형성하는 것을 탈피한다. 공판중심주의는 공소장만을 토대로 공판정에서 법관의 면전에서 심증을 굳혀나가는 것이 중심 이념이다. 공판중심주의의 구현을 위해서는 구두주의, 집중심리, 변론종결 당일선고 등의 내실있는 공판심리의 충실화가 필요하다. 공판중심적인 법정심리 절차를 확보하여야 하기 때문에 수사절차에서 확보된 조서나 서류를 배격한다는 의미의 배타적 공판중심주의로 해석될 수는 없다. 즉, 아무리 공판중심주의를 강조한다고 할지라도 법원이 직접 조사한 증거만을 증거로 하거나 모든 전문증거는 허용되지 않는다고 말할 수 없다. 공판중심주의의 확립이라는 모토는 형사절차의 기본원칙들 예컨대, 직접주의, 구두변론주의, 공개주의, 집중심리주의 등이 지켜지면서 진행되는 바람직한 형사절차를 실천적인 과제로 이해하는 의미이다. ‘왜 공판이 중심이 되어야 하는가’는 막연히 공개된 법정에서의 심리를 의미하는 것이 아니라 시민에게 공개되고 시민에 의해서 감시되는 공판정이 재판의 중심이 되어야 한다는 의미도 담고 있다. 공판기일 외 에서 수집된 증거를 공판기일의 심리에 집중시키고 피고사건의 실체에 대한 심증형성도 공판심리에 의해서 이루어져야 한다. 그러기 위해서 증거개시제도의 운영, 효율적인 공판준비절차, 엄격한 증거조사절차, 충분한 반대심문의 기회보장 등의 실천적 과제가 충실히 이행되어야 할 것이다.

Principle of Court-Oriented Trials deviates from that the court receives various documents in each of the investigation relations previously prepared by investigative agency in a lump and forms a confident belief for guilty or non-guilty based on the documents. The central ideology of the Principle of Court-Oriented Trials is to consolidate a confident belief in front of judge at the public trial court only based on arraignment. In order to realize the Principle of Court-Oriented Trials, it is required to promote internally stable trial hearing including principle of orality, concentrated trial, and the same-day notification of argument conclusion, etc. Since it is required to acquire tria l-based court hearing procedures, it cannot be interpreted as an exclusive principle of court-oriented trials in a meaning of disapproving reports or documents obtained in the investigative procedures. In other words, it is not always a case that only the proofs directly investigated by the court are used as evidence, or all the hearsay evidences are not allowed no matter how much the Principle of Court-Oriented Trials is emphasized. A motto for establishing the Principle of Court-Oriented Trials is to understand fundamental principles of criminal procedures, in other words; desirable criminal procedures proceeded by having the principle of immediacy, the principle of oral pleadings, the principle of public trial, and the principle of concentrated procedure, etc. followed as practical subjects. There has been an issue pointed out about that procedures of trial or office routines of the trial have been significantly unfair and formalized so far and also about how to appropriately realize the Principle of Court-Oriented Trials in which particular scope and method according to changes in law revision from it. These issues have played a role of practical subjects in criminal lawsuits in the past. However, it is anticipated that they are required to serve as a role of subjects in need of detailed discussion in the future. The inquiry of 'Why does it have to be trial-oriented' does not indicate a hearing merely opened at the court but contains a meaning that trial opened to and supervised by citizens must be court-oriented. It is also required to concentrate evidence collected during a period other than trial date on the hearing on the trial date and form a confident belief on the truth of accused cases by the trial hearing. For this, it is needed to fully implement practical subjects including discovery system, efficient preparatory procedures of the trial, strict evidence investigation procedures, and guarantee of an opportunity for sufficient cross examination.