극지해 운항 선박의 안전기준에 관한 연구

A Study on the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters

지구 온난화로 인하여 극지역의 얼음이 빠르게 해빙되면서, 북극해에서 운항하는 선박이 꾸준히 증가함에 따라, 극지해에서의 선박안전 확보와 환경보호에 관한 관심이 국제해사기구 회원국들에게 공유되기 시작하였다. 국제해사기구는 2002년에 강행규정이 아닌 북극 빙해역을 운항하는 선박에 대한 지침을 제정한바 있다. 2014년 11월 21일 해사안전위원회 제94차 회의에서 극지해에서 운항하는 선박에 대한 국제코드의 선박 안전 관련 규정인 PartⅠ-A 및 Ⅰ-B와 이를 의무적으로 적용하기 위한 해상인명안전협약의 개정안으로 새로운 부속서 제XIV장(극지해에서 운항하는 선박의 안전조치)을 채택하였다. 또한 2015년 5월 15일 해양환경보호위원회 제68차 회의에서는 국제코드의 환경보호 규정인 Part Ⅱ-A 및 Ⅱ-B와 이를 강제화 하기 위한 해양오염방지협약부속서Ⅰ(유류오염방지), Ⅱ(유해액체물질오염방지), Ⅳ(오수오염방지) 및 Ⅴ(폐기물오염방지)의 개정안을 채택하였다. 이 국제코드는 극지해에서 안전한 선박운항과 극지역 환경보호를 제공하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있으며 해상인명안전협약과 해양오염방지협약의 개정안의 발효에 따라 2017년 1월 1일 발효된다. 따라서 이 논문은 Polar Code의 제정경과와 주요 채택 내용의 검토를 통하여 그 핵심이 무엇인가를 파악한 다음, 발효에 대비하기 위한 우리나라 정부 및 관련 산업계의 바람직한 대응방안을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 작성된 것이다.

The ice in polar regions has been rapidly melted because of global warming. IMO, MSC 94/21/Add.1, “Resolution MSC.386(94)-Amendments to the International Convention for the Safety of Life At Sea (SOLAS), 1974, as Amended(New Chapter XIV Safety Measures for Ships Operating in Polar Waters). http://response.jp/article/2014/11/28/238479.html IMO, MEPC 68/1-Report of the Marine Environment Protection Committee on Its Sixty-Eighth Session, p.44-48(Adoption of the International Code for ships operating in polar waters (Polar Code) 6.21 The Committee considered the final text prepared by the drafting group (MEPC 68/WP.7, annex 1) and adopted the Introduction and parts II-A and II-B of the International Code for ships operating in polar waters (Polar Code) by resolution MEPC.264(68), as set out in annex 10. Adoption of amendments to MARPOL Annexes I, II, IV and V 6.22 The Committee considered the final text of the draft amendments to MARPOL Annexes I, II, IV and V to make use of environment-related provisions of the Polar Code mandatory, prepared by the drafting group (MEPC 68/WP.7, annex 2), and adopted the amendments by resolution MEPC.265(68). IMO, MSC 94/21-Report of the Maritime Safety Committee on Its Ninety-Fourth Session “Date of entry into force of the proposed amendments: 3.24 The Committee agreed that the new SOLAS chapter XIV, proposed for adoption at the current session, should be deemed to have been accepted on 1 July 2016 and to enter into force on 1 January 2017”, p.9. The number of commercial ship operating in Artic water is increasing continuously. In relation to the safety of ship and environment protection in its area, the IMO Member States has been highlighted. IMO adopted “the Guidelines for Ships Operating in Arctic Ice Covered Waters on 2002 voluntarily. Maritime Safety Committee at its ninety fourth session on 21 November 2014 adopted the safety-related provisions of the introduction and the whole of parts Ⅰ-A and Ⅰ-B of the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters(Polar Code), by which it adopted, the new chapter XIV(Safety Measures for Ships Operating in Polar Waters) of the SOLAS to make use the provisions of the Polar Code mandatory. Also, Marine Environment Protection Committee at its sixty eighth session on 15 May 2015 adopted the environment related provisions of the introduction, the parts Ⅱ-A and Ⅱ-B of the Code and the associated amendments to MARPOL Annexes Ⅰ(Prevention of Pollution by Oil), Ⅱ(Control of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk), Ⅳ (Prevention of Pollution by Sewage), and Ⅴ(Prevention of Pollution by Garbage). The goal of this Polar Code is to provide for safe operation and protection of the polar environment. The Polar Code will entry into force 1 January 2017 upon entry into force the associated amendments to MARPOL and SOLAS. Therefore, the present paper focuses on the survey of the enactment trends of Polar Code and suggests the desirable ways for implementation of the Code in Korea.