Planning Instruction for Constructive and Cooperative Learning

Learning comes from effective instructional planning. To improve planning capability of class design, teachers and educators need to pay enough attention to the common elements Reeves(2010) proposed: research-based instructional design, learning objectives discussed and communicated between teachers and students, appropriate manipulation of classroom understanding, learner-focused practice, planned and measured evaluation, etc. This paper deals with three planning alternatives that can successfully reflect the common elements for learning improvement. Constructive and cooperative learning instructional designs are discussed and problem-based learning is also treated to search for the betterment of classroom practice.