中国汽车产业发展进程及其产业政策研究

A Study of the Development of China s Auto Industrial with Industrial Policy

进入二十一世纪，中国汽车产业的发展引起了世界的瞩目。中国的汽车产量从2000年的200 万辆急速增长到2009年的1379.1万辆，而中国的汽车市场以年均20%的速度快速增长，成为世界汽车产销第一大国。这与美德日等汽车强国在国际金融风暴的影响下停滞不前形成鲜明的对比。对中国汽车产业的分析和研究也成为引人瞩目的学界的新课题。以往对汽车产业的考察，依着眼于在汽车工业本身居多，而忽视了对其发展历史过程的考察。中国汽车工业的发展依托着中国近半个世纪的发展历程，汽车工业的兴衰与中国经济体制的变革、国家发展政策的变迁紧紧相关。与此同时，汽车工业的发展又以其产业链长、关联度高、消费拉动作用和对钢铁、化工、机械、电子等行业的带动作用及在生产和研发中对新材料、新工艺及新技术、尖端的理论使用，极大地推动了整个国民经济的发展和国家科技进步，成为国民经济中不可或缺的支柱产业和国家科学技术发展水平的重要标志。本文在对中国汽车产业发展进程及现状进行探索的同时，对汽车产业在中国国民经济中的地位及中国汽车产业得以迅猛发展的基石－中国政府的汽车产业政策进行了探讨，并对中国汽车工业现存的问题和今后如何稳步、持续发展进行了简要分析。

In the 21st century, China’s auto industry has aroused attention world widely. From 2000 to 2009, the auto production has been increased rapidly from 2 million to over 13 million. Furthermore average annual growth rate of China’s auto market is about 20% which leads China to become the number one auto production country in the world. Comparing to Chinese market, the former auto power countries such as USA, Germany, and Japan were completely seized under the international economic crisis in other hands. As speedy growth of China’s auto industry, academic researches on China’s auto industry become in the limelight of a new topic. Previous studies on auto industry were on industry itself, and ignored the investigation of the development history. China’s auto industry relies on the development of China’s history of nearly half a century. Prosperity of auto industry is related to changes of China’s economic structure and national development policies. Meanwhile, development of auto industry had its chain length, associated highly with consumption and the driving force of steel, chemicals, machinery, electronics and other industries. It also led the theories in the production and R & D on new materials, new processes and new technology into actual practice. In other words, development of auto industry promoted the development of the national economy and progress of national scientific technologies. This paper not only studied on the development process and the current status of China’s auto industry, but also discussed the national government policies of auto industry, which were considered as the cornerstone of rapid development of China’s auto industry. Furthermore, this paper analyzed existing problems and future directions of China’s auto industry.