강제 이주가 도시 빈민의 생계에 미치는 영향

The Impact of Forced Resettlement on the Urban Poor Livelihoods - a case-study of the North Rail - South Rail Linkage Project in Manila, the Philippines -

Following the proposition by de Wet that understanding inherent complexities of forced resettlement is central to an effective policy response, this paper aims to analyse the key features of urban forced resettlement through a case-study of the North Rail-South Rail Linkage Project in Manila, the Philippines. The urban poor make their living by maximising various opportunities the city provides. However, by living in informal settlements, they are exposed to the acute threat of forced eviction. For those who are displaced by the railway project, a resettlement programme was provided and their housing was replaced. Nonetheless, they became severely limited in accessing their previous livelihoods from a remote relocation site on the urban fringe. As part of an attempt to overcome the increased livelihood insecurity, some resettlers chose to return to the railway area. Their return signifies that the resettlement programme fails to recognise that urban livelihoods are intricately related to the socio-economic environments of the urban centre. The railway area also went through significant changes following the large-scale demolition and eviction and returnees are now faced with new challenges in reconstructing their livelihoods.