딥웹상 범죄에 대한 함정수사 도입에 관한 연구

Review on the Introduction of Entrapment in Deep Web Offense

네이버, 구글, 다음 등 일반적 검색 엔진을 통해 접근할 수 있는 표면 웹(surface web)과 달리 토르(tor)라는 특수 검색엔진을 통해서만 접근할 수 있는 웹 페이지(oooo.onion)를 딥 웹(deep web)으로 통칭하며, 3개 이상 중개지를 경유 접속, 1회용 승인번호 사용, 데이터 암호화 등으로 인해 누가, 어디서, 어떻게 접속하는지를 감추어 추적이 사실상 불가능하다. 최근 해킹기술 공유, 악성 바이러스 유포, 마약․총기․음란영상물 거래, 산업스파이들의 영업비밀 거래, 테러나 국제범죄단체간 비밀통신 등 신종 강력범죄에 딥웹이 활용됨에 따라 이에 이 연구에서 델파이 기법(Delphi method)으로 수사 및 법률 전문가를 대상으로 함정수사 도입 여부에 대한 의견을 조사하였다. 대부분 전문가들은 범의 유발형 함정수사 기법의 도입에는 찬성하지만 인권침해 가능성을 우려하며 영장주의 도입, 입법을 통한 명확한 법집행 근거 마련, 테러나 마약 같은 특수한 범죄에 한정 등의 조건을 제시하였다.

Webs that can only be accessed with a special web browser called the ‘TOR’ are referred to as the ‘Deep Web’ (oooo.onion), as opposed to the ‘Surface Web’ which is accessible through common search engines like Naver, Google, or Daum. Because the Deep Web conceals information regarding who accessed it from where through what routes by detouring through at least three different IPs, using one-time access code, encrypting content or data, and a variety of other means, it is considered virtually untraceable and to fall outside the surveillance network of investigative agencies. Recently the Deep Web is being used for a wide range of new major crimes, including sharing of hacking techniques, dissemination of malicious viruses, trafficking of drugs, firearms, or pornography, exchange of trade secrets by industrial spies, and secret communication among terrorist groups or international crime organizations. As a countermeasure, investigative agents and officers have raised the necessity of ‘entrapment’ to “manufacture” crimes. This study, using the Delphi method, surveyed the views of investigative specialists and legal experts with regard to the use of entrapment. The majority of the experts were in favor of entrapment to manufacture crimes. However, to prevent the possibility of human rights violations which may arise from state institutions’ use of such practice against ordinary citizens, the experts suggested, as preconditions, control on the judiciary through warrant requirement, solid ground for law enforcement via legislation on entrapment, and restriction of its use to special crimes such as terrorist acts or drugs.