투바 영웅담에 나타난 서사구조와 갈등양상: <하인디린마이 바가이-오올>을 중심으로

The narrative structure and conflict aspects in Tuva’s heroic tale: Centered on <Hajyndyrynmaj Bagaj-ool>

А Tuvan heroic tale called m&#629;gelig tool indicate to tale about men with great strength. The heroic tales, in which ordinary appeared Hajyndyrynmaj, Han-Hjuljuk, Tevene-Mjoge, Boktug-Kirish, Bora-Shjelej, Hunan-Kara as main protagonists, have been passed by storytellers called ‘Toolchu’ in the form of prose poem with specific rhythms and repetitions. Tuvan heroic tales, that hero with supernatural powers wins/refeats enemies in base of his witchcraft and magic, reflect their daily life, spirit and worldview as appeared in other momadic tribes s story. <Hajyndyrynmaj Bagaj-ool> consisted of total 3470 lines wrote by poetry style with certain rhymes differently from the other Tuvan magic and animal tales. In this article, centering on <Hajyndyrynmaj Bagaj-ool>, we would analyze the narrative structure and conflict aspects in Tuvan heroic tale. We also analyze how the main character Hajyndyrynmaj, who has a strong power but, at the same time, has human’s defects, overcomes the trials and tribulations against to anti-hero with his helpers. Through such adventures we will trace how spread out of the biography of the Tuvan hero in the text. Comparing to oral epic literature handed down in Mongolia, Altai & Buryatia Republics, Tuvan heroic tales was less studied and remained empty space for researches until now. To study Tuvan heroic tales by a microscopic analysis will serve as a stepping-stone for a future macroscopic approach of the regions. Themes and subjects of Tuvan heroic tales have considerable similarities with epic tales of nearby Altai & Buryatia & Khakassia Republics, and Mongolia. The typically mythical characters who appear in Tuvan heroic tales, struggles of protagonist with tyrant khan, marriage with golden bride(zolotaja dangyna) in the process of solving the challenges of the future father-in-law and khan are often encountered things in the epic heroes like as <Geser> and <Janggar> of Altai region. In the spatial side conflict aspects of this work are 1)conflict between hero Hajyndyrynmaj and Bulutaj khan in the ground, 2)conflict with Saryg khan living in the 9th heavens and Baa Baga khan in the 99th in order to fulfill the tasks of Bulutaj khan, namely conflicts of characters who live in the other worlds: Ground and Heaven. It may be understood that the two khans are creatures like God who can control the worlds and natures by their will.In that case, we can regard it as the confrontations between gods in the Heaven and man in the Ground. The basic reasons of conflicts between Hajyndyrynmaj and Bulutaj khan in the ground lies in the political intention - maintain authority and catch authority of khan who can t or don t conform. Comparing to settled society with the nomadic society, centralization is relatively weak and government systems are relatively distributed. Therefore to maintain the political power in chiefdom of decentralized nomadic society is very unstable because configuration of chiefdom is flexible, non-persistent and a one off. The repression, violent domination, and absence of successor who will follow khan, these things naturally move tribe s attention from the Bulutaj khan to Hajyndyrynmaj. Such literary settings that Hajyndyrynmaj who has outstanding appearance and passed all process of rite of passage get throne are surely essential needs to maintain social order in the nomadic society.