On Party Identification: As a Determinant of Voting Behavior

l. Introduction

ll . Traditional Concept of PID (The Michigan Model)

1) Concept and Measurement of PID in the Michigan Model

2) Role of PID as a Determinant of Voting behavior

3) Conception and Changes of PID

Ill. Expansions/Extensions of the Michigan Model

1) Theory of Normal Vote

2) Expansion of the Basic Model to the Case of Sectoral Behavior in Britain

3) Extension of the Michigan Model to European Nations

IV. Alternative Theoretical Perspectives

1) The Downsian Approach: Issue Proximity

2) Retrospective Voting

3) A Dynamic Model of Partisanship

V . Conclusion

References