韓國 社會福祉의 理念的 性格 變化에 관한 研究

A Study on the Change of Ideological Characteristics in korean Social Welfare

The purpose of this study is to clarify the ideological characteristics of Korean Social Welfare through the analyses of the value system and content of social welfare programs. That is to say, one of the essential elements to determine the level of social welfare in a country is what kinds of ideology the country has on the social welfare. In the process of rapid industrialization and urbanization today, It is natural that the ideology on social welfare necessarily involving distribution should be widely discussed and thought much of. The summary of this study is as follows. 1. Social insurance as a core system of social security basically stem from the ideology of income sharing and dispersion of risks such as disease, want, disaster, unemployment. The ideology of social insurance has been changed from selectionism in 1960 s and 1970 s to limited universalism. 2. However great part has been played by beneficiary in the finance. This phenomenon indicates that our social welfare has a characteristics of financial neutralism of the state. 3. Especially in the national pension system, we can see phenomenon of reversion which is contrary to the effect of income redistribution. 4. Since 1977, the beneficiary rate of medical insurance has so greatly increased that it is up to 95% now. It means that the ideology of social welfare has changed into that of institutional liberalism. The finance of medical insurance is also largely dependent on beneficiary class. 5. Our constitution specifies that government should be responsible for social welfare. The fact shows that the ideology of Korean social welfare is based on that of institutional liberalism.