‘경기민요’의 장르적 구분과 음악적 특성

The Musical Characteristics and Meaning of ‘Gyunggi[京畿] Folksong’ According to their Genres

현재 경기민요라 지칭하는 대상은 향토민요 계열, 잡가-좌창 계열, 잡가-입창 계열, 통속민요 계열의 네 가지 장르로 나뉜다. 경기지역 향토민요는 주로 농요와 의식요를 중심으로 전승되고 있는데, 메나리토리에 3소박 4박의 중중모리형과 자진모리형이 가장 많이 사용되고 있다. 잡가-좌창은 양반 음악문화인 가사를 지향하는 음악문화이며, 잡가-입창은 창부타령토리와 변박을 많이 사용한다. 그리고 통속민요에서는 창부타령토리와 굿거리장단을 가장 많이 사용한다. 경기 지역 음악인들이 가장 많이 선택한 음악적 정체성은 창부타령토리와 굿거리장단의 조합에 있다. 이 조합은 춤 반주 음악으로서 매우 적절하다. 그리고 춤을 좋아하는 경기 지역 사람들의 취향과도 잘 맞아 떨어진다. 경기도는 지리적 접변이나 장르적 접변 및 혼용이 많아 음악문화가 복합적이고 다중적이라는 점이 가장 큰 특징이라 할 수 있다.

The genre characteristics of socalled Gyeonggi folk songs can be categorized into four sections. The first is a folk song section which has been transmitted by the public of Gyunggi province. The second is Japga-Jwachang[雜歌-坐唱] section which is formed and established by professional singers of Seoul. The third is Japga-Ipchang[雜歌-立唱] section by song of Sadangpae. The fourth is popular folk song section which is created at the beginning of 20th century. This article examined the genre features of Gyunggi folk songs one by one and discussed how to label musical-kulturkreis. The following are the results. Firstly, the subjects that are defined as Gyunggi folk songs include not only folk songs but also Jwachang and Ipchang of Japga. In the long term, it is necessary to separate and recognize them, but it is also necessary to understand the situation and background under when the concept has become complex. Secondly, folk songs are transmitted normally in the form of farmers’ song and ceremony songs, in which 3 small beat and 4 beat style of jungjungmori and janjinmori type of menaritori(mi mode) are most frequently used. Some song do not share features, and they originate from genre-geographical assimilation, frequently by genre assimilation by shaman songs and geographical assimilation with north and eastern regions. Japga-Jwachang is a musical culture that aims for Gasa, a yangban musical culture, while Japga-Ipchang uses changbutaryengtori (sol mode) and irregular beat significantly. In poplar folk songs, changbutaryengtori and gutguri rhythm are used the most. Thirdly, in Gyunggi, folk songs and popular folk songs do not share characteristics. In Gyunggi, there was the capital of Joseon Dynasty, Hanyang, and there were a lot of musicians. Being close to the highest musical culture, the role of professional musicians must have been stronger than other regions. Therefore, their music aims for higher class naturally. Fourthly, the choice of Gyunggi musicians is the combination of changbutaryengtori and gutguri rhythm. This combination works very well for accompanying dance songs. Also it falls into line with the preferences of Gyunggi residents who love singing. Changbutaryengtori is a tori that can contain the identity of Gyeonggi in the sense that it can establish discrimination from other kulturkreis and that it reflects the artistic flavor of Gyunggi residents and the features of samhyunyukgak[三絃六角] because Gyeonggi itself is complex and multi-layered.