일본의 수산용의약품 관리의 현황과 법제

Laws and Administration on use of Aquatic Medicine in Japan

Along with the rapid growth of the aquaculture industry in the world, the production of aquatic products has been rapidly increasing. In addition, the use and frequency of use of Aquatic medicines are increasing every year. Aquaculture is highly susceptible to mass death due to the surrounding environment, such as red tide and water temperature rise, and under human control, the production rate is greatly affected by aquaculture management. Therefore, appropriate response to disease management in the aquaculture industry is most important. In Japan, to maintain such a safe and healthy aquaculture environment, 「Sustainable Aquaculture Production Assurance Act」 implements a fishery improvement plan to prevent the fishery environment from deteriorating. Aquatic medicines have been used to prevent disease in the aquaculture field for many years. In spite of many advantages, overdose and abuse may cause environmental pollution and antibiotic resistance. Therefore, many countries try to protect the environment, biospecies and food security. Especially in countries surrounded by the sea such as Korea and Japan, aquaculture is economically very important. Proper use and management of aquatic medicines not only impacts the production of aquatic products, but also has a direct impact on human health. Marine aquaculture in Japan has developed steadily since the 1960s, and it occupies an important position in the Japanese marine industry at this stage. Marine aquaculture is one of the most important issues when considering Japanese fisheries policy. In addition, in the event of fish disease, the government restricts the use of drugs other than those approved by it under the 「Pharmaceutical Affairs Law」 so that there is no residual drug in the food due to overdose of fishery medicines. At the same time, antimicrobial medicines and insecticides for fisheries are obliged to prescribe the kinds of fish species, usage and capacity, as well as prohibition period. Japan has established a system to appropriately guide the National Fisheries Test Center(NFTC) and Guidance Agency for the appropriate use of medicines for fisheries and vaccines. Each aquaculture farmer is always paying attention to aquaculture management by visiting NFTC or through its website. This paper examines the current states and management of Aquatic medicine in Japan’s aquaculture industry and the legislation related to Aquatic medicine which has comparatively similar conditions to Korea, I would like to identify implications for the management of the Korean aquaculture industry and Aquatic medicine by analyzing the Japanese legal system for fisheries medicine.