노인대상 사기피해 및 반복사기피해 실태와 영향요인

Current State and Effect Factors of Fraud Victimization among the Elderly and Victims of Repeated Fraud

범죄피해에서 간과되어왔던 노인 범죄피해는 노인을 대상으로 한 전화사기 및 효도관광 빙자 판매행위 등 끊임없이 보도되는 노인대상 사기피해사건으로 인하여 더 이상 간과할 수 없는 사회적 문제로 부각되었다. 이에 국내 형사사법과 범 죄피해 연구에서 새로운 이슈로 주목되고 있으며, 현재 다양한 노인대상 사기피해에 대한 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 하지만 대부분의 연구들이 노인대상 사기피해의 실태조사와 인구사회학적 특성인 성별, 교육수준, 경제적 수준과 같은 특성 에 관한 것이다. 비록 몇몇의 선행연구들이 노인대상 사기피해의 원인을 노인의 일상활동이 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 것을 검증하고 있지만 노인대상 반복사기피해에 대한 연구는 거의 전무한 실정이다. 이에 이 연구에서는 노인대상 사기피해와 반복사기피해에 미치는 요인을 개인적 특성요인과 지역사회 특성요인으로 구분하여 경험적으로 검증해 보고자 하였다. 이상의 연구문제에 대한 분석결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 노인대상 사기피해는 보호변인과 지역사회 무질서가 유 의미한 영향을 미치고 둘째, 반복사기피해는 매력성변인(노인이 가지고 있는 인지적 · 신체적 취약성)과 지역사회 신뢰가 유의미한 영향을 미친다는 측면을 고려한 범죄예방대책으로 접근해 나아가는 것이 바람직 할 것이다.

The crime victimization of the elderly, which has been overlooked in the crime victim, became a social problem that can no longer be ignored because of the fraud victimization cases among the elderly constantly reported, such as phone fraud and sales activities under the disguise of filial tour etc. focused on the elderly. Therefore, it is attracting attention as a new issue in domestic criminal justice and crime victim research, and the various studies have been conducted to verify the cause of fraud victimization among the elderly. However, most previous studies have focused on sociodemographic characteristics such as sex, educational level, and economic level in identifying causes of fraud victimization among the elderly. Although some previous studies have demonstrated that fraud victimization among the elderly may be influenced by the daily activities of the elderly, there is almost nothing about the studies on the repeated fraud victimization among the elderly. Therefore, this study aims to verify the factors affecting on the fraud victimization among the elderly and victims of repeated fraud empirically by dividing with the individual characteristic factors and the regional community characteristic factors. The results of analysis of this study problem are summarized as follows. First, There are the individual characteristic factors which had significant effect on the whole of fraud victimization among the elderly such as sex(+), prevention education(+), intimacy of family(-) and whether to live together(+), and as the regional community characteristic factors, the disorder of the regional community showed a positive (+) effect. As the individual characteristic factors which had effect on the repeated fraud victimization among the elderly, the academic ability(-) and vulnerability(+) showed the significant effect, and the reliance of regional community showed the positive(+) effect as the regional community characteristic factors. In other words, it can be seen that there is difference between the factors which had effect on the victims of repeated fraud and victim of fraud. As shown in this study, It would be desirable to approach the systematic crime prevention measures with a focus on that the preventive factors had significant effect on the fraud victimization among the elderly, but the cognitive and physical vulnerability of the elderly had significant effect on the repeated fraud crime victim.