Objectives: To compare the clinical outcomes between the schizophrenia patients using long-acting injection (LAI) and those using oral agent (Oral). Methods: A prospective multicenter registry conducted at 7 hospitals comparing a one-year treatment effectiveness of LAI to reduce recurrence and to improve medication adherence (MA) and quality of life (QOL). This interim analysis presents data from the first 6 months of the follow-up period. Results: Among a total of 393 patients enrolled in this study, 385 patients (LAI 87, Oral 298) were analyzed as the interim analysis. There were no significant differences in clinical global impression (CGI), global improvement (GI), positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS), and QOL (CGI, P=0.618; GI, P=0.599; PANSS, P=0.289; EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire, P=0.254; Korean version of 4th revision of Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale, P=0.416; visual analogue scale, P=0.581). LAI was associated with improved doctor’s perspective MA (P=0.021), but no difference was observed in patient’s perspective MA (P=0.355). Recurrence for 6 months occurred in 8 cases (9.2%) of LAI and in 43 cases (14.4%) of Oral. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that there was no significant difference in time to recurrence after enrollment between LAI and Oral. The multivariate Cox analysis also showed no difference (hazard ratio=1.710; 95% confidence interval=0.758~3.855). Conclusion: In patients with schizophrenia experiencing recurrence, the difference of effectiveness between LAI and oral therapy could not be observed during 6 months of follow-up.
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