柔道의 起源과 展望

Judo which has been developed in the oriental background has a violent and combatative aspect. It has been practiced in both offensive and defensive ways. I have examined the history of Judo, which can be summarized as follows: 1) In the period of three kingdoms various military arts were developed. Choeuisunin in Kokurea, Subyukta in Baekje, and Wharangdo in Shilla served as a mental and physical training device, which contributed to the development of Judo. 2) In Old Times, especially in Kokurea, many murals including Kakzachong-hyunsil and Muyongchonghyunsil show that many strifes were distributed. 3) In Middle Ages, military arts were required to the military nobility, by whom they were widely practiced. Besides, the exhibition games were often set. 4) In Yi-Dynasty, military arts were usually despised since the state religion was confucianism. The name of Judo was introduced in December, 1906 by the commission of Tongkam-bu. 5) It can be said that the origin of Oriental Judo culture is China. Sangbak-do which is preserved in the Old palace Museum in China belongs to Chung-Dynasty. It corresponds to today’s Judo, and is assumed to have influenced Korea and Japan. 6) In Korea, Cho-sun Judo Federation was organized in October, 1945, and Judo terms were newly named in Korean. Now many good Judo players are being produced all through the universities in Korea. 7) In Japan soft military arts were in common use and they were greatly influenced by Jinwonbin in Myung-Dynasty of China. In 1882 Kanochiorang integrated Soobak, Kwanbup, Boekta, and Sangbak etc. into Judo as the generic name of overall strufe and military art. 8) It can be generally conceived that Judo begins with the courtesy and ends with the courtesy. It is a military art which is based on the principle that “the soft is capable to dominate the strong”. Therefore, I am sure that Judo has a great value of the physical and spiritual education.